While common speech from urban areas arent always mutually intelligible across regions, speakers from these regions can often use a more formal form of Arabic to speak with each other. Ukrainian and Belarusian are pretty much mutually intelligible (source: I am a poet in Belarusian, I go to poetry festivals in Belarus quite often and there are no interpreters for the Ukrainian poets invited to international events). It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close I would like to add an interesting fact Slovenian has very harsh dialects due to the historic separation of different regions. I met Croats from Zagreb and they speak Slovenian perfectly. The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. This is a great boon to travelers and language learners. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? This comment is fantastic! Slobozhan Russian is very close to Ukrainian, closer to Ukrainian than it is to Russian, and Slobozhan Ukrainian is very close to Russian, closer to Russian than to Ukrainian. Slovenian: 20% To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. It is not that hard. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. BULGARIAN: Balgarskijat ezik e naj-rannijat pismeno dokumentiran slavjanski ezik. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. They have more in common than you might think! Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . No, you cannot. Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. Nevertheless, most Bulgarians over the age of 30-35 understand Russian well since studying Russian was mandatory under Communism. JohnUK. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. A Serb gave me this information. That is ~90% our language. If you're russian you understand the meaning of what other is saying to a degree of around 80%. Personal communication. Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. There is much nonsense floating around about Serbo-Croatian or Shtokavian. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with Galician (spoken in Northwestern Spain), which is a language thats sort of a cross between Portuguese and Spanish. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) A different dialect is spoken in each town. Complaints have been made that many of these percentages were simply wild guesses with no science behind them. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). Im Czech . Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. Scots and English are considered mutually intelligible. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. I admit that my prehistoric learning of Russian (1985-1990) made it easier for me to guess the meaning of words izpolzovana a saestvuvat (which have the same meaning in Russian), but I think that I could guess it even from the context. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! Russian has 85% intelligibility of Rusyn, 74% of oral Belorussian and 85% of written Belorussian, 60% of Balachka, 50% of oral Ukrainian and 85% of written Ukrainian, 36% of oral Bulgarian and 80% of written Bulgarian, 38% of Polish, 30% of Slovak and oral Montenegrin and 50% of written Montenegrin, 12% of oral Serbo-Croatian, 25% of written Serbo-Croatian, and 10% of Czech. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. That is good to know. For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. So you believe the 9/11 narrative? According to a paper on Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family (link in comments): Native Belarusian speakers can understand 80% of spoken Ukrainian and 80% of written . Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. > Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end, because they dont bother to learn Slovak, while many Slovaks learn Czech. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. With this, off I go to sleep. As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. About the mistakes Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. Croatian language doesnt exists. Not only are these Slavic languages very similar to Russian in written form, but they are also around 70% mutually intelligible. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. And the 25% is very low. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you Actually the way it is spoken sometimes sounds more like Slovak to me than Czech or polish does, however past really basic speech it is pretty hard to understand. [1] It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Look at this Polish girl: Ive not read em myself. Slovenian language might be closer to the Macedonian/Bulgarian than to the Serbian language. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. Czech: 10% . Serbians and Bosnians not so such. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Its vocabulary and grammar has enough similarities for Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians to understand each other well, whereas Russians understand only will recognise separate words. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Below is an incomplete list of fully and partially mutually intelligible languages, that are so similar that they are sometimes considered not to be separate, but merely varieties of the same language. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. However, lexical similarity focuses on exclusively overlapping vocabulary to determine similarity between languages. 1996 . I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) And Shtokavian is dialect of Serbian language. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. In recent years, many of the German words are falling out of use and being replaced by Polish words, especially by young people. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence Answer (1 of 16): I'm neither Polish nor Ukrainian but I know Polish to a good level and basic Ukrainian; I can comment on the understandability of Ukrainian for Poles. @jacobbauthumley Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. 0%. The revelation comes from General Musharrafs memoir, In the Line of Fire, which begins serialisation in The Times today and will further embarrass the White House at a time when relations between the US and Pakistan are already strained.. Pakistani intelligence chiefs are concerned that General Musharraf may jeopardise their relationship with British intelligence agencies after claiming that a convicted terrorist was once an MI6 informer. Usually, theyre at least partially mutually intelligible with the main language they stem from. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. The reason there are subtitles on Russian-language shows in Ukraine is because of Ukraines puristic state language policies. He gave me the 25% figure. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. Regarding Polish and Russian there are many words with opposite meaning. Much like Nordic languages. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. I have a newer version of the paper that I can give in which I changed some of the things you are complaining about. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. slavic mutual newspaper [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. It depends which dialect. You can pick out the common words like Voda (water), Hleb (bread), zima (cold) and so forth but it is tough to get the jist of what they are saying with out more immersion. Albeit, Scots dialect is far more pronounced than English, and at times, can be unintelligible. Go back to your kennel. Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. OMG! Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. He printed out the paper and showed it to his colleagues at the next meeting, and they spent some time discussing it. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. Most native speakers agree on MI. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? In my experience, its quite easy. The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. French has a reasonable degree of lexical similarity with Italian,Sardinian, Romansh, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, making it partially mutually intelligible with these languages. Polish is the most incomprehensible Slavic language for other Slavs, both spoken and written. There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. Even the basic words are almost the same. Additionally, some Arabic speakers may be familiar with Egyptian Arabic through the media, so they may rely on this to bridge any language gaps. Paul McGrane. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. I will tell you also this: Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. The Rusyn language is composed of 50% Slovak roots and 50% Ukrainian roots, so some difficult intelligibility with Ukrainian might be expected. Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. I believe Polish is a disgusting sounding language. I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish.Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. Because so many Slavic languages are national languages, they tend to have pretty big populations. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian.
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