She worked with her husband, completing tasks for him and helping to dull his temper when he raged at other members. CMO staff investigating the GO were physically expelled from the Church of Scientology's Los Angeles headquarters, and the Controller's files were guarded day and night. I had hoped that you could straighten him out. [43] She left Wichita as soon as Alexis was returned to her. Several ships were purchased to serve as the quarters of the newly created "Sea Org". Hubbard was struggling with illness in 1980 and he was living in San Luis Obisbo . He urged the FBI to start a "round-up" of "vermin Communists or ex-Communists", starting with Northrup, and declared: I believe this woman to be under heavy duress. [44], One of their primary targets was the IRS, with which Scientology was engaged in a bitter battle over tax exemptions. - Creston, Kalifornia, 1986. janur 24.) In his final moments, the man who created a religion with a massive following was . She switched the envelopes and sent them. That's what he was really worried about, that she would reveal during the case that she was only relaying his orders. Please report problems, errors or suggestions to heldal@online.no Download all files as ZIP archive(745Kb) Back to introduction DATE TO FROM DESCRIPTION 16 May 1940 FBI L Ron Hubbard Reporting on a possible Nazi. [30] Their sojourn in Morocco ended abruptly in December 1972 when it became clear that the Church of Scientology was about to be indicted in France for fraud, and that Hubbard himself was potentially at risk of being extradited to appear in court if the case went to trial. ", INTERVIEWER: "What happened to your second wife? [19], Germer informed Crowley, who wrote back to opine: "It seems to me on the information of our brethren in California that Parsons has got an illumination in which he has lost all his personal independence. Sharp chin, broad forehead, rather Slavic. "[20], By this time, Mary Sue was working as the chief course supervisor at Saint Hill Manor. [89], The church continues to promulgate Hubbard's claims about their relationship. The primary exponent of Scientology is the Church of Scientology, a centralized and hierarchical organization based in Florida, although many practitioners . Such conduct was expressly permitted by the O.T.O., which followed Crowley's disdain of marriage as a "detestable institution" and accepted as commonplace the swapping of wives and partners between O.T.O. He replied, "You know, I'm a public figure and you're nobody, so if you have to go through the divorce, I'll accuse you of desertion so it won't look so bad on my public record. In the end, Hubbard's wife and the others were found guilty of charges of conspiracy and burglary. Your passion for Betty also gave you the magical force needed at the time, and the act of adultery tinged with incest, served as your magical confirmation in the law of Thelema. At age 15, Northrup moved in with sister Helen and her husband Jack, while she finished high school. She filed for divorce in an effort to try and create a false record that she had been married to him." [19] The manor, a country house formerly owned by Sawai Man Singh II, the Maharajah of Jaipur, became both the new home of the Hubbards and the world headquarters of Scientology. "[91], Although Northrup did not speak out publicly against her ex-husband following their divorce, she broke her silence in 1972. She played a central role in the financial management of the Church of Scientology's two principal corporations, the Church of Scientology of California and the United Kingdom Church of Scientology. They married April 25, 1909, in Omaha, Nebraska. "[8] Despite the tensions between them, Hubbard, Northrup and Parsons agreed at the start of 1946 that they would go into business together, buying yachts on the East Coast and sailing them to California to sell at a profit. Currently intimate with them but evidently under coercion. He told me how he had met Northrup. My first wife is dead. Drug addiction set in fall 1950. Northrup filed a kidnapping complaint with the Los Angeles Police Department on her return home but was rebuffed by the police, who dismissed the affair as a mere domestic dispute. Although she was a committed and popular member, she acquired a reputation for disruptiveness that prompted Crowley to denounce her as a "vampire." Maybe he should be reincarnated as a rabbit. At the time, Hubbard's wife Mary Sue was appealing her conviction in the Snow White prosecution along with ten other Scientologists. His sexual difficulties with Northrup, for which he was taking testosterone supplements, are a significant feature of the document. "I thought he was pretty. [76] Mary Sue Hubbard continued to be active in Scientology well into the 1990s; in a 1994 Scientology magazine, she was listed as a "Patron" of the International Association of Scientologists, indicating a donation of $40,000. Had been friendly with many Communists. As Scientology's "first lady," Shelly Miscavige took on many duties. Parsons told Helen to her face that he preferred Northrup sexually: "This is a fact that I can do nothing about. Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by the American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement.Adherents are called Scientologists. They were married in Maryland in 1946. "[27] The entire crew was forced to wear gray rags to symbolize their demotion; it was said that even Mary Sue's corgi dog, Vixie, had a gray rag tied around her neck. Sometimes when the two of them were sitting at the table together, the hostility was almost tangible. "[65] He accused Northrup of having conspired in a bid to assassinate him and described how he had found love letters to his wife from Hollister, a "member of the Young Communists." "[21], On January 26, 1967, Mary Sue was confirmed as a Scientology "Clear", a somewhat elite rank at that time. [7] Her parents not only knew about her unconventional living arrangements but supported Parsons' group financially. I didn't know why it was so important to him; I'd never met Sara and I couldn't have cared less, but he wanted to persuade me that the marriage had never taken place. [76], A Scientology spokesman informed the press that she had been left "a very generous provision" in her husband's will,[77] though the details were kept secret. Yet she was the head of the Guardian Office for years and among other things, authored the infamous order "GO 121669" which directed culling of supposedly confidential P.C. Northrup's daughter Alexis, who was by now twenty-one years old, attempted to contact her father but was rebuffed in a handwritten statement in which Hubbard denied that he was her father: "Your mother was with me as a secretary in Savannah in late 1948 . With 19 New York Times bestsellers and more than 350 million copies of his works in circulation, L. Ron Hubbard is among the most enduring and widely read authors of our time. The raids of July 1977 were the result.[49]. [41] The Dianetics Foundation was making a huge amount of money, but problems were already evident: money was pouring out as fast as it was coming in, due to lax financial management and Hubbard's own free spending. Northrup played a significant role in the development of Dianetics, Hubbard's "modern science of mental health", between 1948 and 1951. She struck the familiar pose of not seeing, hearing or knowing any evil. [72] When the case came to trial in May 1984, she told the Superior Court of Los Angeles County that she had been "mentally raped" and "emotionally distressed" knowing that others had seen the documents. This body was responsible for overseeing each of the seven organizational subdivisions of the Church of Scientology. [1] Parsons had subdivided the house, a rambling mansion next door to the estate of Adolphus Busch (which later became the first Busch Gardens), into 19 apartments which he populated with a mixture of artists, writers, scientists and occultists. . She had attached herself to a Jack Parsons, the rocket expert, during the war and when she left him he was a wreck. [22] Northrup was able to dissuade Parsons from pressing his case by threatening to expose their past relationship, which had begun when she was under the legal age of consent. Mary Sue Hubbard and the GO, however, did not simply capitulate. 's US head, Karl Germer, labeled her "an ordeal sent by the gods". His family wasn't there. They eventually married and got a house in Malibu and we became friends; I remember they introduced me to pot. Hubbard and Northrup made no secret of their relationship; another lodger at Parsons' house described how he saw Hubbard "living off Parsons' largesse and making out with his girlfriend right in front of him. He was 74 years old. By this time Mary Sue was pregnant for a fourth time and gave birth to her final child, Arthur Ronald Conway Hubbard, on June 6, 1958.[17]. And since then, the Church of Scientology has maintained in biographical . Her actual true name is a Russian name. With 19 New York Times bestsellers and more than 350 million copies of his works in circulation, L. Ron Hubbard is among the most enduring and widely read authors of our time. His wife was in prison and his estranged son believed he was either dead or insane. "[69], On June 12, Hubbard was awarded a divorce in the County Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas on the basis of Northrup's "gross neglect of duty and extreme cruelty", which had caused him "nervous breakdown and impairment to health. [75], Many years later, another of his followers, Virginia Downsborough, recalled that during the mid-1960s he "talked a lot about Sara Northrup and seemed to want to make sure that I knew he had never married her. About Harry Ross Hubbard. He briefed the divorce court reporters for the Los Angeles Times and the Examiner, who were both women and early feminists, to ensure that "they knew what a bastard this guy Hubbard was. Your character is superior. In 1947, Polly filed for divorce and was granted the custody of her children . "[71] She was so desperate to leave by the time she got to the airport that she left behind her daughter's clothes and her own suitcase and one of Alexis's shoes fell off as she dashed to the plane. Share it! . [35] Hubbard told his friend Forrest J. Ackerman that he had acquired a Dictaphone machine which Northrup was "beating out her wits on" transcribing not only fiction but his book on the "cause and cure of nervous tension". She soon became involved in a relationship with Hubbard and married him in March 1952. In this same year, Hubbard launched a new religion based on two books he had written, Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science, and Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. From our brother's account he has given away both his girl and his money. He went to live at the house and investigated the black magic rites and the general situation and found them very bad. [32] Northrup had no idea of Hubbard's first marriage or why people were treating her so strangely until his son L. Ron Hubbard Jr. told her that his parents were still married. [1] She was forced to resign her post in 1981 and served a year in prison in 1983, after exhausting her appeals against her conviction. [4], She became pregnant in February 1952 and married Hubbard the next month. He succeeded in escaping in May and turned himself in to the FBI, making a full confession. I'm actually gonna disagree with most people here. But anyone who underestimated Mary Sue made a big mistake. There he wrote a letter informing the FBI that Northrup and her lover Miles Hollister whom he had fired from the Foundation's staff and, according to Hollister, had also threatened to kill[54] were among fifteen "known or suspected Communists" in his organization. He sought to explain it to his followers as being the result of his victimization by his ex-wife. [63] Hubbard continued to develop Dianetics (and ultimately Scientology), through which he met his third and last wife, Mary Sue Whipp, in late 1951 only a few months after his divorce. The criminal conviction of the GO's top executives triggered a lengthy power struggle at the top of the Church of Scientology, which would lead eventually to Mary Sue being forced into retirement. [51], Northrup went to a psychiatrist to obtain advice about Hubbard's increasingly violent and irrational behaviour, and was told that he probably needed to be institutionalized and that she was in serious danger. It has been variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. [31] Hubbard returned to the United States, living under a false name in New York City while Mary Sue and the children remained aboard the Apollo. When he talked about his first wife, the picture he put out of himself was of this poor wounded fellow coming home from the war and being abandoned by his wife and family because he would be a drain on them. Hubbard took with him only two people, a married couple named Pat and Anne Broeker. 6.3K in October 1969, the newspaper printed a statement attributed to the Church of Scientology (but written by Hubbard himself[80]) that asserted: Hubbard broke up black magic in America L. Ron Hubbard was still an officer of the US Navy because he was well known as a writer and a philosopher and had friends amongst the physicists, he was sent in to handle the situation. His next project, Dianetics and Scientology, would secure him lifelong fame. [It] was made clear that we had no choice but to overthrow the GO and dismiss everyone who had violated Church policy or the law. When she first came to me with this wild story about how her husband had taken her baby I was determined to help her all I could. [41] Its eventual downfall was to result from the use of illegal methods, ordered and authorized by Mary Sue, to further its campaign. He promised that he would tell her where Alexis was if she signed a piece of paper saying that she had gone with him voluntarily. It is thought to have been written around 19467 as part of an attempted program of self-hypnotism. carry huge amounts of cash around in his pocket. I was rather surprised when we were driving back to LA on Sunday evening, he stopped at a florist to buy some flowers for his wife. She recalled that "with or without an argument, there'd be an upsurge of violence. A Wikimdia Commons tartalmaz L. Ron Hubbard tmj mdiallomnyokat. She told him: "All right, I'll marry you, if that's going to save you. Mary Sue was appointed by her husband as Guardian (later Controller) of the Guardian's Office (GO) in March 1966. An attempt was made to have her sign an affidavit stating that she was in fact the daughter of L. Ron Hubbard's first son, her half-brother L. Ron Hubbard, Jr.[87], As the United Press International news agency noted, Church of Scientology biographies of Hubbard's life do not mention either of his first two wives. Starcasm Staff March 30, 2015 L. Ron Hubbard, Scientology In the HBO documentary Going Clea r that aired Sunday night it was revealed that according to Scientology founder L. Ron. Hubbard married his third wife, Mary Sue Whipp, in 1952. "[83], He said that Northrup had been a Nazi spy during the war and accused her and Hollister of using the divorce case to seize control of Dianetics: "They obtained considerable newspaper publicity, none of it true, and employed the highest priced divorce attorney in the US to sue me for divorce and get the foundation in Los Angeles in settlement. They traveled to Phoenix for Christmas 1953 and it was there on January 6, 1954, that Mary Sue gave birth to her second child, Geoffrey Quentin McCaully Hubbard.[9]. It was horrible. [46] In March 1976, she approved an illegal plan to obtain "non-FOI data" from the government, meaning classified documents not available through the Freedom of Information Act. He and Mary Sue moved initially to Daytona Beach, Florida in August 1975. I know, because I personally met with her and obtained her resignation At first, Mary Sue Hubbard was not willing to resign. As part of a wider strategy codenamed Operation Snow White, the GO succeeded in infiltrating a Scientologist into the IRS to steal files about the government's litigation strategy against Scientology. A month later Northrup was made a director of the newly established Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey, an organization founded to disseminate knowledge of Dianetics. Because of his "crazy misconduct" she was in "hourly fear of both the life of herself and of her infant daughter, who she has not seen for two months". The other five defendants received lesser sentences and fines. They lived there incognito for a few months before moving into an apartment in Dunedin on the west coast of Florida, a few miles north of the town of Clearwater where a Scientology front company had bought the old Fort Harrison Hotel to serve as Scientology's new headquarters. John Sanborne, who worked with Hubbard for many years, recalled: Earlier on (before the divorce) he made this stupid attempt to get Northrup brainwashed so she'd do what he said. . By this time, Mary Sue had become a key figure within the nascent Scientology movement. Please do believe I do so want to help you get Alexis."[64]. [36] This eventually became the first draft of Hubbard's book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, which marked the foundation of Dianetics and ultimately of Scientology. In 1952, Mary Sue and Ron were married. The O.T.O. [88] In one publication the Church has airbrushed Northrup out of a photograph of the couple that appeared in the Miami Daily News issue of June 30, 1946. [59], In July 1981, all remaining GO staff were ordered to join the Sea Org, which would thus secure the CMO's control of the Guardian's Office, and the current Guardian, Jane Kember who was one of those convicted on conspiracy charges was to be removed. As a leading light of American Pulp Fiction through the 1930s and '40s, he is further among the most influential authors of the modern age. Her father had just died and her grief appeared to aggravate Hubbard, who was attempting to restart his pre-war career of writing pulp fiction. [47] The GO's agent in the IRS, Michael Meisner, was ordered to obtain all files concerning L. Ron and Mary Sue Hubbard from the IRS Office of International Operations, which he succeeded in infiltrating. Hubbard subsequently returned to the Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey. [59] Hubbard fled to Havana, Cuba, where he wrote a letter to Northrup: I have been in the Cuban military hospital and I am being transferred to the United States next week as a classified scientist immune from interference of all kinds. [56] The Messengers, who were mostly in their teens and early twenties, became Hubbard's sole means of communication with the Church. But I am 13 years older than she. The Ole Doc Methuselah series was done that way. However, there were a number of obstacles to overcome before the termination of the GO could be accomplished. [2] Parsons' interest in the occult led in 1939 to him and Helen joining the Pasadena branch of the Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.). The news story which the photograph accompanied has been republished by the Church with all mention of Northrup edited out from the text. [25][26], Around the same time, Hubbard proposed marriage to Northrup. Weeks passed without word from Hubbard. She intended to make use of this discovery by writing a book that would be "completely anti-Christ". "[12] Joan Vidal, a friend of the sculptor Edward Harris, who was commissioned by Hubbard to create a bust of him, described Mary Sue as "a rather drab, mousy, nothing sort of person, quite a bit younger than him. To that end he wrote Dianetics, proving to all the world just how mediocre a writer he was . Russell Miller notes: They were indeed an unlikely couple a flamboyant, fast-talking extrovert entrepreneur in his forties and a quiet, intense young woman twenty years his junior from a small town in Texas. It is now in the Stephen A. Kent Collection on Alternative Religions at the University of Alberta. . He stated: In 1981, a Church investigation was begun into the activities of the GO. [62] She had consulted doctors who "concluded that said Hubbard was hopelessly insane, and, crazy, and that there was no hope for said Hubbard, or any reason for her to endure further; that competent medical advisers recommended that said Hubbard be committed to a private sanatorium for psychiatric observation and treatment of a mental ailment known as paranoid schizophrenia."[62]. She persuaded him that the compulsion instilled by the communists would be dissipated by going ahead with the flight: "Well, I have to follow their dictates. Her disruptive behavior appalled Fred Gwynn, a new O.T.O. [11] Northrup also became pregnant but had an abortion on April 1, 1943, arranged by Parsons and carried out by Dr. Zachary Taylor Malaby, a prominent Pasadena doctor and Democratic politician. Around the summer of 1951, he explained his flight to Cuba as being a bid to escape Northrup's depredations: "He talked a lot about Sara. Someone erroneously tipped Hubbard off that the FBI was going to raid again and a massive shredding frenzy took place in Palm Springs, CA as he left on 2/14/1980, again going into hiding, never to return. [21] Parsons subsequently resorted to more conventional means of obtaining redress and sued the couple on July 1 in the Circuit Court for Dade County. At the order of both of the Hubbards, the GO ran scores of operations against Scientology's enemies. These activities ultimately led to a complete disband of the GO. [citation needed], The Hubbards traveled to England in September 1952 when Mary Sue was eight months pregnant. Despite insisting on clean living and even prohibiting followers from taking necessary medication, Hubbard loved to party. He wasn't married to her. Instead, he said, if Northrup really loved him she should kill herself. "[10] When Helen returned, she found Northrup wearing Helen's own clothes and calling herself Parsons' "new wife." The Hubbards had four children: Diana (born 1952), Quentin (1954-1976), Suzette (born 1955), and Arthur (born 1958). Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard served in the US Navy in the 1940s. [23] Hubbard's relationship with Northrup, while legal, had already caused alarm among those who knew him; Virginia Heinlein, the wife of the science fiction writer Robert Heinlein, regarded Hubbard as "a very sad case of post-war breakdown" and Northrup as his "latest Man-Eating Tigress".[24]. His wife is Mary Sue Whipp (30 October 1952 - 24 January 1986) ( his death) ( 4 children), Sara Northrup (10 August 1946 - 13 June 1951) ( divorced) ( 1 child), Margaret Louise Grubb (13 April 1933 - 24 December 1947) ( divorced) ( 2 children) L. Ron Hubbard Net Worth She became involved in Hubbard's Dianetics in 1951, while still a student at the University of Texas at Austin, becoming a Dianetics auditor. The situation was potentially disastrous for the GO and caused panic among the leadership. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard ( Tilden, Nebraska, 1911. mrcius 13. On one occasion, while Northrup was pregnant, Hubbard kicked her several times in the stomach in an apparent though unsuccessful attempt to induce an abortion. L. Ron Hubbard, in full Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, (born March 13, 1911, Tilden, Nebraska, U.S.died January 24, 1986, San Luis Obispo, California), American novelist and founder of the Church of Scientology. In June 1951, she finally secured the return of Alexis by agreeing to cancel her receivership action and divorce suit in California in return for a divorce "guaranteed by L. Ron Hubbard". Miscavige provided a first-hand account of these events, in an affidavit submitted in a case heard in 1994 in California, Church of Scientology International vs. Steven Fishman and Uwe Geertz. Screen grab Lawrence Wright, the author of the best-selling book on Scientology, "Going Clear," says his research found. Sara Northrup Hubbard, 2nd wife of L. Ron Hubbard Hubbard's strange writings did seem to imbue him with a special kind of confidence and belief in his own abilities, which for many seemed like supernatural powers. This, plus her absolute control of the GO, made it difficult for the Church missionaires [Sea Org staff dispatched to achieve a target or specific goal] to get anything done. [8], Northrup joined the O.T.O. Center of most turbulence in our organization. [11] and had a son in 1943 who bore Parsons' surname but who was almost certainly fathered by Smith. A bitter dispute broke out between the men over the ownership of the Foundation's remaining assets, with Hubbard resigning to start a rival "Hubbard College" on the other side of Wichita. [86] In June 1986 the Church of Scientology and Alexis agreed a financial settlement under which she was compelled not to write or speak on the subject of L. Ron Hubbard and her relationship to him. "[50] Hubbard enlisted de Mille and another Dianeticist, Dave Williams, in an attempt to convince her to stay with him. He never had a child with her. Why is he lying about this? [1], Mary Sue Whipp was born in Rockdale, Texas, to Harry Hughes Whipp (Sept 2, 1893 Oct 30 1942) and Mary Catherine (ne Hill) Whipp. members. She played a leading role in the management of the Church of Scientology, rising to become the head of the Church's Guardian's Office (GO). "[94], Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, "Scientology and the Occult: Hugh Urban's new exploration of L. Ron Hubbard and Aleister Crowley", Miller, Russell. The only reason a person gives up a study or becomes confused or unable to learn is because he or she has gone past a word that was not understood.', and 'To love in spite of all is the secret of greatness. The marriage ended in 1951 and prompted lurid headlines in the Los Angeles newspapers. I need a magical partner. The Hubbards had four children: Diana (born 1952), Quentin (19541976), Suzette (born 1955), and Arthur (born 1958). Under his doctrine he believed that "mistakes do not just happen, somebody causes them, always". A change in the visa regime in the UK enabled foreigners to remain indefinitely if they had sufficient means to support themselves. I thought she was going to blow my head off. However, their marriage was deeply troubled; Hubbard was responsible for a prolonged campaign of domestic violence against her and kidnapped both her and her infant daughter. was carrying out in California. L. Ron Hubbard dating history Relationships. of age, 5'10", 140 lbs. She may have a record . This work took a variety of forms, including public relations, legal actions, and the gathering of "intelligence" on perceived enemies. He had visited 1003 South Orange Grove Avenue at the behest of Lou Goldstone, a well-known science fiction illustrator, while on leave from his service in the US Navy. She began a relationship with L. Ron Hubbard, whom she met through the O.T.O., in 1945. "[90], After the documentary-maker Alex Gibney directed the film Going Clear, based on Wright's book of the same name and citing Northrup's words about Hubbard, the Church published a video calling Northrup a "failed gold digger" and "self admitted perjurer" who was responsible for "a get-rich-quick scheme [concocted] by the woman and her publicity starved lawyer to try to shake down Mr. Hubbard for money and take over the Hubbard Dianetics Foundation after Dianetics soared to the top of national bestseller lists. She informed us that she did not appreciate our investigation of the GO and that if one were needed she would do it. [49] The situation soon became tense again; Richard de Mille, nephew of the famous director Cecil B. de Mille, recalled that "there was a lot of turmoil and dissension in the Foundation at the time; he kept accusing Communists of trying to take control and he was having difficulties with Northrup. "I just ran across the airfield, across the runways, to the airport and got on the plane. Dissmissed [sic] in February when affiliations discovered. Northrup's attorney filed another petition asking for Hubbard's assets to be frozen as he had been found "hiding" in Wichita "but that he would probably leave town upon being detected". Her husband's reaction was one of fury, blaming Quentin for in his eyes letting him down. As a leading light of American Pulp Fiction through the 1930s and '40s, he is further among the most influential authors of the modern age, including perennial and New York Times bestsellers such as Battlefield Earth . In July 1949 I was in Elizabeth, New Jersey, writing a movie. en.wikipedia.org 48K 1.5K 1.5K comments Best Add a Comment SoylentPersons 4 yr. ago Did she then get disappeared like David Miscavige's wife? Mary Sue was promoted to the position of Controller "for life" of the Guardian's Office in January 1969, with one of her subordinates, Jane Kember, being appointed to Mary Sue's old post of Guardian. The practice of culling supposedly confidential "P.C. The. L. Ron Hubbard was previously married to Mary Sue Whipp (1952 - 1986), Sara Northrup (1946 - 1951), Margaret Louise Grubb (1933 - 1947) and Margaret Grubb.. L. Ron Hubbard was in relationships with Barbara Kaye (1950) and Mary Sue Hubbard.. About. [67] She met him in Wichita to resolve the situation. [43] L. Ron Hubbard was said to have been fully aware of the GO's actions; the US government would later declare him to be an "unindicted co-conspirator" in the GO's illegal activities. Only two months later, over 55,000 copies had been sold and 500 Dianetics groups had been set up across the United States. She had covered up for him so much, and there had been so many opportunities for her to betray him, that she couldn't believe he would think that.
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