Today’s top 48 English Part Time jobs in Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland. Steeped in rich symbolism and lavish history, the robes form an integral part of the ceremony. Chosen to be among the six maids of honor for the late Queen Elizabeth II 's coronation in 1953, she's recalling that day as Britain looks ahead to King Charles's crowning ceremony in less. Copyright 2023 Endgame360 Inc. All Rights Reserved. pic.twitter.com/QDCmFjoTIG, The Royal Family (@RoyalFamily) February 6, 2021. The piece also featured a monogram simply stating E II R, and was embellished with gold thread, with a monogram reading E II R. With such an incredible and rich 67-year story, our Queen opened her reigning chapter with grace, ease and elegance on that day in 1953. SAG Awards 2023: See the 34 Best-Dressed Stars. During the part of the ceremony known as the anointing, the monarch is divested of all celebrated symbols of status, and dons the Colobium Sindonis (Latin for Shroud Tunic). She's appeared on outlets including BBC 5 Live, BBC Radio Ulster and BBC Local Radio and has also helped set up a commercial radio station. 4. Trusted royal couturier Sir Norman Hartnell worked closely with Elizabeth to create a gown in the finest white duchess satin, richly embroidered with national and Commonwealth floral emblems in gold and silver thread. The death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday marked the departure of one of the world's most recognized figures who, throughout her reign, used the way she dressed to carve out a singular. "She made two further suggestions to Hartnell, which were that the emblems should be embroidered in colored silks as well as the embellishments of pearls and beads. Those were the shouts heard from inside Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953, when Queen Elizabeth II took the Coronation Oath and officially became the ruling monarch of the U.K and the Commonwealth. And of course, knowing the craftsmanship, care and dedication that went into the garb she so iconically wore, it seems her Coronation set the precedent for years of good fashion to come. The accession one will be marked during the summer opening of Buckingham Palace from July 22 to October 2, when a series of portraits taken by Dorothy Wilding will be displayed. After a year when visitors were scaled back because of the coronavirus pandemic, the palace hopes hundreds of thousands of visitors will be able to return to see the exhibitions. Can't get enough of PEOPLE's Royals coverage? Her sister Princess Margaret, her children Prince Andrew and Princess Anne, and her grandson Prince William were all married in Westminster Abbey.. She was the first sovereign to reach the Sapphire . This represents the culmination of the glittering spectacle of the new monarchs coronation, in which both the dazzling beauty of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom and the Coronation Robes are fully on display. Staged in the Gothic splendour of Westminster Abbey, once a spectacle reserved for the privileged few, in 1953 the soon-to-be-crowned Queen insisted that the coronation be televised live. Also worn during the investiture on top of the Supertunica is the Robe Royal (Pallium Regale). Six artists did the embroidery work but Hartnell decided to include an extra detail that even the queen didnt know about. If you buy something, we may earn an affiliate commission. Queen Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee is a party 70 years in the making: Take a look back at the day the then-27-year-old underwent the grand coronation ceremony full of pomp and circumstance For the final design that the Queen had chosen featured a huge amount of embellishment. 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According to "Rayne, Shoes for the Stars," a book published last year, the tour required over. Queen Consort Camilla will wear a history-making crown for her coronation in May. [5] Later Hartnell secretly added an embroidered extra four-leaved shamrock on the left side of her dress as an omen for good fortune. There was a maple leaf for Canada, wattle for Australian and silver fern for New Zealand. Queen Elizabeth in her Coronation carriage. Through each of these parts, there are a number of regal robes donned by the sovereign. All in all, the designs took embroiders a staggering 3,000 hours to complete. Her first years as Queen are featured in the first season of Netflixs hit series, The Crown. King Charles and Queen Camilla's Relationship Timeline. He was even formally invited with a specially hand-painted childs invitation. Sign up for our free Royals newsletter to get the latest updates on Kate Middleton, Meghan Markle and more! The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, 1952. Worn at the moment of crowning, this robe is embroidered with national symbols and imperial eagles crafted in silver thread decorate the corners of this four-square mantel. Pic: Daily Mirror/Mirrorpix/Mirrorpix via Getty Images. There was a shortage of professional coachmen to help transport dignitaries to Westminster Abbey in horse drawn carriages, so millionaire businessmen and country squires offered their services many dressing up as servants to help take people to the ceremony. The Queen left wearing the Purple Robe of Velvet which was covered in golden embroidery. Tickets for adults that include a donation, are priced at 23.50, and there are discounts available . Queen Elizabeth II's coronation regalia from 1953 goes on display at Buckingham Palace Visitors will also be able to stroll through 19 state rooms The exhibition shows recreations of the. See On Lands' End. As part of his intricate design, Hartnell included a four-leaf shamrock on the left side of the skirt, which was positioned perfectly so that Her Majesty's hand would rest on it during the ceremony. With her husband by her side and her children peering curiously from a window, they departed in the Gold State Coach, which had carried monarchs before her, pulled by eight gray gelding horses. The iconic white duchess satin dress and purple silk-velvet robe, which the monarch wore for her coronation at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953, will be shown as part of a Platinum Jubilee. It took 12 people over 3,500 hours to embellish the robe with the Queens Cipher alongside ears of wheat and olive branches. The long crimson velvet train on the Robe of State is adorned with handmade delicate gold lace, lined in regal ermine from Canada, and has an accompanying ermine cape. Sir Norman Hartnells original sketch of the chosen design. The third show at Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh from July to September is set to celebrate the Queen's Jubilees. Can't get enough of PEOPLE's Royals coverage? Another megastar is the 104 carat oval cut Stuart Sapphire, a gem which survives today despite being present during some of the most turbulent upheavals in the British history: it was one of the dynastic relics James II took with him to France after being ousted during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The congregation rose as the Archbishop slowly placed St. Edwards solid gold crownwhich weights four pounds and 12 ouncesupon Her Majestys head. The ever-stylish royal married the dashing naval officer. The Royal Mews at Buckingham Palace, where historic carriages still used for royal occasions are on display, will open to the public for the first time since the fall of 2020. Photo: Cecil Beaton/Victoria & Albert Museum, Queen Elizabeth's Platinum Jubilee: Everything to Know About the Historic Royal Celebration. "I think it was a fantastic way to share that beautiful piece of clothing with all the countries she visited her first time doing so as Queen," says de Gautaut. The queen sits on St. Edwards chairwhich dates back to 1300 and has been used at every coronation since that timecrowned with the royal scepter with the cross in her right hand, representing the sovereigns temporal power and good governance, and the royal scepter with the dove in her left, representing the Holy Ghost and which has been as the the Rod of Equity and Mercy. It Was the Ultimate Rewear Since the Coronation Day, the Queen has worn the dress six times, including the Opening of Parliament in New Zealand, Australia and Sri Lanka in 1954. She walked ito the ancient church with the Robe of State at her shoulders. Here are five surprising facts about Queen Elizabeth's historic coronation outfit: Created in the finest white duchess satin and richly embroidered in a lattice-work effect, the dress featured the floral emblems of both the U.K. and the Commonwealth on request from the Queen herself. One of the most audacious rogues in English history was Colonel Blood, known as the man who stole the Crown Jewels. A post shared by The Royal Family (@theroyalfamily). What Does Queen Elizabeth II Do With Her Old Clothes? The Imperial Robe is not to be confused with the Robe of State, which is the plainer crimson mantle on show at the beginning of the ceremony. Of course, you can't look past the dress and. Formal coronation of the new Queen took place on June 2 . Queen Elizabeth made history when she was crowned monarch on June 2, 1953, in an elaborate ceremony full of pomp, pageantry and the perfect dress. After being lifted on her throne, her husband said, I Philip, do become your liege man of life and limb, and of earthly worship; and faith and truth I will bear unto you, to live and die, against all manner of folks. The 7.2-kilometer route was designed for hyper visibility, and it lasted two hours. In the shots, taken just 20 days after she inherited the throne at the death of her father King George VI on February 6, 1952, she wore the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara. Mary Reynolds who has . Queen Elizabeth and King George VI are pictured arriving with Princess Elizabeth, then aged 11, and Princess Margaret at Central Hall, Westminster, for the coronation concert for children. Displayed together for the first time are some of the Queen's favorite brooches, each representing a nation of the U.K. or one of the Commonwealth countries, such as the Canadian Maple Leaf Brooch worn by the Queen and also Kate Middleton while on tour in Canada. Coronation Concert at Windsor Castle ticket ballot details announced Published 9 February 2023 Queen Mary's Crown is removed from display at the Tower of London ahead of the Coronation Her Majesty also wore one of her favourite brooches, the Cullinan V Brooch, made by Garrard in 1911. The 62 guns represent 21 guns fired on the marking of a royal occasion, 20 guns for the Tower as a Royal Palace, and 21 guns for the City of London. Queen Elizabeth IIs coronation was held more than 65 years ago, meaning that many people cant recall a time when she wasnt the monarch. "He had produced a daffodil, whereas actually, the emblem which should have been used is the leek, and so he had to go away and research the leek and make it look really beautiful, which I think he did!" You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. the ruling monarch of the U.K and the Commonwealth, ascended the throne as a young 25-year-old princess, do become your liege man of life and limb. Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation, which opens at Windsor Castle on Thursday, not only includes the Queen's famous coronation dress (which has only been displayed three times in 69. Queen Elizabeth I was very conscious of her appearance, and her image was engineered to convey wealth, authority and power. ), Queen Elizabeth's 1953 Coronation Dress Is Going on Display at Windsor Castle, Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation: All the Details, The Queen's Famous Diamond Diadem Goes on Public Display at Buckingham Palace, Queen Elizabeth's Stunning Coronation Dress and Robe Are Going on Display Ahead of Her Platinum Jubilee, See Inside the Workshop Where Looks Worn by Lizzo and the Royals! Only then will we learn to more greatly appreciate these splendid artefacts and the role they play within the Coronation Ceremony. The monarch wore it for three separate appearances in 1954 to open parliaments. After the restoration in 1660, jewels were fashioned based on the records of the lost items, and form the nucleus of the Crown Jewels today. This was arguably the most important commission of Sir Norman Hartnells whole career and one he wanted to stand as a testament to his design skills. Despite the name, the gem was only recently discovered to be a spinel and not a ruby as previously thought. Queen Elizabeth in her iconic Coronation portrait by Cecil Beaton. The Coronation Dress of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Hartnell produced several different designs for the Queen including one which was based on Victorias simple coronation gown. The Queen's coronation dress. Gown worn by Elizabeth II at her coronation in 1953, Queen of the United Kingdom and the other, "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Gown", "Royal Collection - Coronation Dress and Robe, 1953", Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History, The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces, 2020 Alternative Christmas message (2020), Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_II&oldid=1124853991, Dresses of the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 21:31. Onlookers roared in excitement for their new and young queen, who was said to be the most fit to rule. The Scottish Honours are the oldest Royal Regalia in Britain and can be seen in Edinburgh Castle. Queen Elizabeth wore the dazzling dress six times since her coronation and it has been described as the most important dress of the 20th century. Perhaps by understanding the rich history contained within the robes can we begin to appreciate their beauty, and exquisite craftsmanship. The Wedding took place just four months later, at 10.30am on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. Buckingham Palace announced on Tuesday that the royal has chosen to wear Queen Mary's crown for the ceremony held . The new queen also wore the Robe of State, a plush six and a half metre robe that was very heavy. The gown has been worn just six times more, with three appearances coming in 1954 when the Queen wore it to open parliaments in Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand. Buy Sequin Lace 3/4 Sleeve Sheath Mother of Bride/Groom Dress with Cascade Style AP1E203583, It also includes a rubber base to keep the hanger safely in place. While a good number of royal fans either dont remember or werent around to have witnessed her coronation service on June 2, 1953, most have seen photos from that historic day and the dress she wore for the ceremony. On June 2, 1953, the then 27-year-olds life was forever changed. Made in 1661, it boasts diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, pearls, and amethyst. It would be the first coronation to be televised (except for the anointing and the communion) and was broadcast in 44 languages. Queen Elizabeth II photographed on the day of her coronation (L) wearing her specially designed coronation dress by Norman Hartnell, June 2, 1953, and the queen photographed re-wearing. Her Coronation Dress was designed by Sir . Pakistan had three emblems wheat, cotton and jute. 23 January 2022 Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II Vanessa Wood The dish developed by Angela Wood was served to Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation guests from around the world The woman who. Look closely, and you will see the dress actually featured leeks! He was working to a tight brief. The Coronation service used for Queen Elizabeth II descends directly from that of King Edgar at Bath in 973. . All rights reserved. In comparison to Queen Maxima's Coronation jewels in 2013, on Queen Elizabeth's Coronation Day on June 2, 1953, she wore comparatively few jewels. As the world mourns of the loss of Queen Elizabeth, who died at age 96 at her beloved Balmoral estate in Scotland, revisit her unforgettable coronation day. In stark contrast to the Robe of State, this gown is austere and plain, without detail or lace. The dress required the efforts of at least three dressmakers, six embroideresses and the Royal School of Needlework, responsible for the embroidery worked in gold bullion thread. Lydia Starbuck is Jubilee and Associate Editor at Royal Central and the main producer and presenter of the Royal Central Podcast and Royal Central Extra. Elizabeth II holds the title of the longest-reigning British monarch to this day. At the 2023 SAG Awards, stars opted to wear gowns in every shade of rose, from soft pastels to neon brights. Designed by her favorite couturier at the. The 16th Duke of Norfolk followed Her Majesty into the annex upon arrival. [5] Attached to the shoulders was a crimson velvet mantle edged with ermine and featuring two rows of delicately embroidered gold lace and gold filigree. Guests will also get to see the diamond necklace and earrings that the Queen wore on the day. Six maids of honour carried Elizabeth IIs train as she walked through the church filled with an onlooking congregation chanting. She is also a marriage registrar and ceremony celebrant. Queen Elizabeth Opens Her Jaw-Dropping Personal Jewelry Box to the Public for Platinum Jubilee, Queen Elizabeth's Historic Coronation Gown: 5 Surprising Facts (It Had a Secret Good Luck Charm! The gown was created by Sir Norman Hartnell, who submitted several different designs before the queen selected one. After the abdication of Edward VIII in 1936 her father, who was Duke of York, became King. The Monarch and her designer had several consultations before Elizabeth II chose the eighth of his ideas a dress with short cap sleeves, sweetheart neckline, fitted waist and flared skirt with small train. On February 6, 1952, King George VI of Great Britain died and his daughter, Princess Elizabeth, ascended to the throne. Hartnell proposed at least eight different designs; the first, very simple, similar to that worn by Queen Victoria at her coronation; the second, a modern slim-fitting sheath gown, embroidered in gold; the third, a crinoline style dress of white satin, silver tissue and crusty silver lace; the fourth, white satin embroidered with Madonna and arum lilies and encrusted with pendant pearls; the fifth, a colourful design of violets, roses and wheat, the sixth, white satin with gold, silver and copper embroideries featuring branches of oak leaves with acorns; the seventh, the Tudor Rose of England, appliqued in gold tissue against white satin; and the eighth, similar to the seventh, but incorporating the floral emblems of Great Britain and the Commonwealth. The sisters wore the same tailored dress coat with contrast-trim lapels and matching ribbon-adorned hats. As the 27-year-old Queen, in a sumptuous bejewelled gown, entered Westminster Abbey for her Coronation on June 2, 1953. Here, the queen is pictured with the orb of gold signifying the dominion of the cross over the world; a new purple Robe of Estate, which took a total of 3,500 hours to complete; and the Imperial State Crown. 5. The dress is the centerpiece of "Fashioning a Reign: 90 Years of Style From the. Commissioned by Queen Victoria in 1858 and made by Garrard & Co., the necklace has since been worn by Queen Alexandra, Queen Mary, the Queen Mother and the current Queen. The actual coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on Sunday 15 January 1559. Tower of London Unveils Garden to Celebrate Queen's Jubilee in Its Moat Accessible by Slide! But the material was just the start of the project. It is embellished with ears of wheat, displayed down both sides of the train and representing peace and plenty, with the robes culminating feature a decorative and lavish three dimensional embroidered golden crown. Encrusted with seed pearls, sequins and crystals, the designer added a secret detail for extra luck. Upon returning to Buckingham palace in the same Gold State Coach, now crowned Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom of England and the Commonwealth, she and her family stepped out onto the balcony to wave to the admiring masses below marveling at the sight of their new queen on coronation day. This hugely important, yet easily overlooked, garment in the coronation ceremony is an exquisite example of craftsmanship but it nevertheless exists in the shadow of the main stars of the collection. This long flowing coat of golden silk and expansive sleeves is trimmed in golden lace, decorated with the national symbols of the home nations and fastened by a golden buckle adorned with roses, thistles and shamrocks. On April 26 1923, The Queen's parents King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (then the Duke and Duchess of York) were also married at the Abbey. In its simplicity, this robe symbolises divesting oneself of all worldly vanity, to stand bare before God. And it will no doubt take its place in many more exhibitions to come. And it seems that when it came to its creation - eight was the lucky number. The iconic white duchess satin dress and purple silk-velvet robe, which the monarch wore for her coronation at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953, will be shown as part of a Platinum Jubilee exhibit at Windsor Castle from July 7 to September 26, in honor of the queen's 70 years on the throne. She then walked to St. Edwards chair as the Ceremony of Recognition ensued, and the Archbishop of Canterbury formally presented Elizabeth II to the people as their new queen. There, visitors will see a display of outfits worn by Her Majesty on occasions to celebrate the Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees. The coronation of Elizabeth II as queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms took place on 2 June 1953 at Westminster Abbey in London. I became enchanted with the silent allure of the Imperial State Robe. She also chose to wear it again in 1957 for the opening of Canadas parliament. 3. The best parenting advice you ever received? And the incorporation of all these ideas led to another change to the gown. Those who tuned in to watch Queen Elizabeths coronation also marveled at the stunningSt. Edwards Crown placed on her head. She also. June is an award winning reporter, producer and editor. Queen Elizabeth at the State Opening of Parliament in New Zealand in 1954. She requested that the gown, made of white satin, conform to the line of her. Its intricate embroidery required many hours of diligent work by the dressmakers. Pic: Fox Photos/Getty Images, PICS: The Queen's coronation outfit took 3,000 hours to make, Dave Fanning fell off a cliff at Lottie Ryan's wedding, Anna Geary recounts decision that saved her from wedding turmoil, PICS: Every time Kate Middleton was red carpet royalty at the BAFTAs. 13. The final designs for the embroidery saw the gowns skirt covered in three tiers of golden scallops, surrounding the symbolic images. She wore it six times after the coronation for other major events. Queen Elizabeth II acceded the throne 69 years ago today. The Queen's coronation gown weighed a reported 5 kilograms owing to its intricate embroidery. Yet amid the main stars of the show, there is a co-star in their own right: the Coronation Robes. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed . Like her bridal gown, the costume was designed by Norman Hartnell. To make the broadcast available the same day, Royal Air Force bomber jets known as Canberras flew film footage across the Atlantic so that the Canadian Broadcast Company could air it. The shoes worn by the Queen on the historic day have never been displayed and remain somewhat of a mystery. The order in which the robes are worn was established for Edward IIs 1308 coronation in the 14th century manuscript Liber Regalis (Latin for Royal Book). It was the first non-stop transatlantic flight between the United Kingdom and Canada, and landed in Labrador. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Ordered in October 1952, her gown took eight months of research, design, workmanship, and intricate embroidery to complete. All of them were endowed upon her in St. Edwards Chapel after the celebration of Holy Communion. According to the royal family's website, since that day in 1953, the queen has worn the dress half a dozen times. In 2016, the dress and the Robe of State, also known as Colobium Sindonis, were put on display in an exhibition to mark the sovereigns 90th birthday. 28 May 2020 Courtesy On 2 June 1953, Queen Elizabeth II was coronated, aged 25. In contrast to this continuity, the majority of robes worn at each coronation ceremony have been made new for each monarch; the exception to this being the Supertunica and the Robe Royal which have been worn since the 1821 coronation of George IV. The dress included a sweet Tudor Rose design, which was carefully embroided with pink silk, a Welsh leek, which was embroidered in white silk, a Scottish thistle, embroided with pale mauve silk and amethysts, as well as a calyx embroidered in green hued silk. The robes construction required 12 seamstresses from the Royal School of Needlework working 3,500 hours to complete. Queen Elizabeth was also apparently very involved in the design of this special piece of fashion history. Sometimes, the Queen of Britain, Her Royal Majesty Elizabeth II, needs to change clothes up to five times a day - in the case of big celebrations, for example. The Imperial Robe is a 15lb, 6 1/2 meter purple silk velvet robe recalling the imperial robes of Roman Emperors and is trimmed with Canadian ermine and includes a sumptuous ermine cape. Elizabeth II, elder daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, was born in London on 21st April 1926. The dress is made out of high quality white duchesse satin decorated with a heavily. Just return the item in its original . Buckingham Palace housemaids, chefs and gardeners gathered inside the Grand Hall at Buckingham Palace to see The Queen leave for Westminster Abbey. "One of the elements that I wanted to draw out of the centerpiece of this display which is, of course, Her Majesty's coronation gown and robe, is how the dress really communicates messages and has an iconography which is entirely linked to the Queen's role not just as head of the United Kingdom but also head of the Commonwealth nations," says de Guitaut, deputy surveyor of the Queen's Work's of Art. From her historic coronation gown to the lime green getup she went viral for in 2018, we've compiled a list of Queen Elizabeth's best, most iconic fashion looks of all time. Whether it was secretly embroidered is hard to know. And it would be amiss not to mention St Edwards Sapphire, the most ancient stone in the collection. The first people to see the Queen in her gown on Coronation Day were the staff at Buckingham Palace who gathered to watch her leave for Westminster Abbey accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh. 2023 Cond Nast. The 27-year-old Queen's coronation was the first ever to be televised, and some 27 million people tuned in to watch the ceremony in the UK alone. She asked Hartnell to incorporate emblems for all her dominions. On a trip to the Tower of London to see the Crown Jewels, I found myself oddly drawn to a less appreciated part of the coronation. [5], The final version featured a Tudor rose, embroidered in very pale pink silk, with pearls, gold and silver bullion, and rose diamante; the Welsh leek, embroidered in white silk with leaves of very pale green silk; the Scottish thistle, with pale mauve silk and amethysts and a calyx embroidered in reseda green silk, silver thread, and diamante dewdrops; the Irish shamrock, like the thistle, was embroidered in soft green silk, silver thread, bullion, and diamante;[5] the Canadian maple leaf, made with green silk embroideries with a crystal vein and gold border; the silver fern of New Zealand, embroidered in straight stitches using soft green silk and veined in silver and crystal; the Australian wattle flower, made with a coarse mimosa yellow wool and green and gold foliage; the South African protea, embroidered in shaded pink silk, with green silk leaves and silver outlined petals; the lotus flower of India, made with seed pearls and diamante and mother of pearl embroidered petals; the Lotus flower of Ceylon, made with opals, mother of pearl, diamante, and soft green silk; and the three emblems of Pakistan: wheat, in oat-shaped diamante and fronds of golden crystal, cotton, made in silver with leaves of green silk, and jute, embroidered in green silk and golden thread. It was stunning in its own right, and fitted the Queen to absolute perfection. The magnificent Robe of Estate was made for the Coronation (and seen in an iconic portrait by Cecil Beaton) by the royal robe-makers Ede and Ravenscroft and took 12 embroideresses, using 18.