2 From very early times the Native Land Court recognised oral traditions as history and was satisfied to base judgments on them. John convinced Te Aoturoa in 1840 to sign the Treaty of Waitangi but could not convince Te Wherowhero. Potatau Te Wherowhero, first leader of Te Kngitanga and descendant of Tapaue. Originally named Tuututru-aa-Papa, Kamutu was added after the practice of Maakutu ceased. Here, people of all styles get together, and the square is a reference for the old city center. A map showing Te Pae o Kaiwaka (Waiuku), and the surrounding area. Ngati Raukatauri, residing at the coast around Moehau. John Bumby the Superintendent of the Wesleyan Church to set up a mission in Aotea Harbour, site of the landing of the Aotea Canoe and of an ancient Pa.[17] On the northern side 844 acres were gifted to the Wesleyans[18] for a boys school and mission station & the non-maori speaking Rev H.Hansen.Turton was re-appointed to that area.[19]. According to Waharoa Te Puke, the last paramount chief of Ngaati Wairere in the 1950s, Wairere was the peace child between his warring grandfathers, his birth marking the renaming of the river from the ancient name of Te Awanui O Taikehu to Waikato in commemoration of his baptism performed in the river. After the 1863 Land wars and after the Crown confiscated Ngaati Wairere lands, they resettled at Hukanui, now known as Gordonton where they are today. Davis, Maatapuna, Nov.-Dec., 1953Parepahoro. Source: New Zealand Graphic. From the first two 1840 meetings with Ngti Te Ata, the Crown and their missionary aids were unable to secure any signatures to Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi, . Ng iwi o Tainui; The name Hukanui originated from a time when the area was surrounded by a dense fog caused by kahikatea trees in the area at the time. Ngti Koata whakapapa back to Koata who lived near Kwhia in the 17th century. NGATI-KAUWHATA, NGATI-HOURUA, NGATI-HAUA. Achieving this by securing back a sacred dog skin war cloak or Kahu Kuri[3] (dog-skin korowai were the most prestigious of Maori cloaks) also a war club or pounamu mere,[4] items that no other local chief could obtain but by the mana(prestige) of his father Pakaue, who got killed for them anyway by Tautini-moko (the son of Tuahu-mhina, the local Kawhia Chief) who was jealous as he was refused the High Chiefly and sacred items. Kuku, son of Parekiteiwi, is supposed to be the same Kuku that married Kahuroro and Tomirikura (Chart XIII). Ngti Te Wehi also have historical connections with Ngti Hau, Ngati Whatua, Ngati Koata, Ngati Toa Rangatira, Ngati Mutunga, Ngati Ruanui, Ngati Tahinga, Ngati Paipai, Ngati Paiaka, Ngati Rangitauwwaro, Ngati Whare, Ngati Koura, Ngati Hourua, Te Wehiwhakaruru and Ngati Peehi. By 1822, the chorus of gunpowder from the Musket Wars had reached Ngti Te Ata rohe, setting our nineteenth century history off with an explosive bang (so-to-speak). On the evidence it must be concluded that the accepted version is condemned. Mr. Kelly 18 states that Pikiao married a Tainui woman, Rereiao, who lived on the slopes of Pirongia, where Hekemaru was born and spent most of his life. This means that Mahanga and Atutahi must have reached an average of 72 when Atutahi and Puakirangi respectively were born. Ko Tuuturu-aa-Papa Kamutu te whare tuupuna | The exercise of authority by a leader who weaves a group of people together in the process. MICHELIN Guide's Point Of View. . Many Waikato chiefs, including Te Wherowhero, attended a second meeting on 20 March. Te Wehi had many small pa sites located around Aotea but his most beautiful was at the peak tops of Matakowhai. Test. As such, Ngti Te Ata became an important and powerful actor in the Waikato-Auckland trade route that saw Waikato produce feed the growing colonial city, . Ngati Te Wehi iwi continue to seek redress with the Crown and Waitangi Tribunal over grievances during the New Zealand Wars and European colonisation. This Ngti Kahukoka rohe included the Awhitu peninsula. Film negative. . 1835 saw Te Wherowhero lead a group of musket-wielding Ngti Mahuta and Ngti Apakura to settle on the northern Awhitu peninsula. It may become necessary at times to shift whole sections up or down to make a new piece fit, but the general structure remains intact. Ngti Te Ata traces our whakapapa back to these early groups, directly from their namesake ancestors, Some later arrivals in Tmaki came from the Tainui waka, led by Poutkeka son of the wakas leader Hoturoa, . . (Ngati Kauwhata) Biography TUM Hogan, Helen M. Bravo, Neu Zeeland : two Maori in Vienna 1859-1860, 2003. On 29 January 1844 Gideon Smales landed at Raoraokauere on the northern side of the Aotea Harbour and proceeded to build his mission which he called BEECHAMDALE. 993.145 HIS History of Rangiotu, 1983. If it can be assumed that authentic genealogies are in fact accurate, it should be possible to set them out in chronological form, assigning a date of birth to each individual, which will be compatible with the date of birth of every other individual in the same and every other genealogy. Gideon Smales was appointed to replace Rev Turton. | A movement founded in the late 1850s to stop land theft by installing a Mori monarch under whom land could be vested in. Drawing on paper by Pellizzaro-Hurrell, Maya. Later, in the nineteenth century, they combined together again to defend their lands and resources from the threat of intertribal fighting and European colonisation. Many were traders of some sort. Wellington. Te Wehi's mum Koata according to Tainui is of the Ngti Mahanga, Ngti Mahuta & Ngti Mango people. The few who are studying tribal history at the present time quite obviously find no reason to doubt the reality of the tradition, but a common difficulty is a suitable chronological basis for study. It must be stressed that no charts can ever be considered final, because there will always be some unconsidered genealogies. However, at the Waikato Heads in either late March or early April 1840, four Ngti Te Ata rangatira, Te Katipa, Maikuku, Aperahama Ngakainga and Wairkau, signed the Treaty. In 1843 Rev. [12] Another mission was founded at Moeatoa (on the Waiuku River) in August 1836. Later most of the descendants headed to Waitetuna district as part of the conquested lands claimed by Te Wehi with the overthrow of the giant tyrant Toa-angiangi, these lands that the fastest runner in Aotearoa claimed were from Pukekohe to Otorohanga and the West Coast, so these Children of Te Wehi and Mariu are of importance as they are founders of many iwi and hapu today. Created by. 2022. Whakapapa is an indestructible force within te ao Mori that connects tangata with their tpuna, te taiao (the natural world) and one another. IT SEEMS to be accepted as an undisputed fact by some social anthropologists that oral tribal traditions are unreliable and unworthy of serious consideration as history. | The tikanga of Mori sustainable resource use to preserve resources for future generations. At ngroto is the house of the ancestor Whita. Ngti Te Ata traces descent through several Ngti Poutkeka ariki: Poutkeka, Poutkeka II, Whatuturoto and Huakaiwaka. Ngti Koata or Ngti Kata is a Mori iwi of New Zealand, originating on the west coast of Waikato, but now mainly at the northern tip of South Island. Auckland City Libraries Heritage Collections: Heritage Images, Auckland. Ngti Kahu take their name from their founding ancestress, Kahutianui, and link their ancestry back to the waka Mmaru. Ko Werewere te tekoteko The name of the taiaha of Koura. Representatives of Ngti Te Ata, including principal rangatira Te Katipa, were present at a large hui at Ihumtao in May 1857 where the Kngitanga was discussed. Ko Hukanui te marae, To build a strong Marae whaanau that is: Whakapapa and Whaanau (Relationships), The kawa of Hukanui marae is TAU-UTUUTU and follows the kawa of Waikato, Ko te kotahitanga ki raro i te Kiingitanga, Hukanui Marae holds a traditional annual Poukai with 123 years to date from records dating back to 1898. Inland Patea Genealogies., PIDDINGTON, Ralph, 1951. , both living prosperous but then separate lives after a small brotherly scuffle at Kawhia, in which Kawharu went to live with his father Ngaere and his people the Ngti Tamainupo at Wai-keria. Consider the following table of descendants of Rereahu:. Another difficulty has been encountered by Mr. Batley in a similar study of the tribal history of the inland Patea district. Certain accounts that have been available, . 2017. The domain of his brother, Whatuturoto, was the Tmaki isthmus, and it extended south until hitting his brothers rohe, . Linking our kura, ad students to the mana whenua of their school. Overall Ngti Waewae employs 28 staff, including 26 who have whakapapa to the group. Horouta Waka landed in Turanganui A Kiwa (Gisbome) around 1350AD depositing the sacred gods of the voyage in the. Matiu was taken as hostage in 1822, in which after Nga Puhi took him back to Whangarei and he was raised my a Chief there as his own son. . If this is so, it follows - 50 that there may be greater difficulty encountered than has been the case with Tainui when an attempt is made to chart the chronology of the longer known and more widely known traditions of some other parts of the country. Te Aotroa Hne Waitere sold land at Te Kopua in the Waipa for the Wesleyan's to teach their people to read and grow new food from countries afar. 1835 saw Te Wherowhero lead a group of musket-wielding Ngti Mahuta and Ngti Apakura to settle on the northern Awhitu peninsula. Then in mid-April a further two of our rangatira, Waihua Wiremu Ngawaro and Te Tawh signed on the shores of Te Manukanuka, , probably alongside the second signing of Te Katipa. The early 1820s saw Tmaki become a battlefield as waves of Ngpuhi taua (war parties) devastated the local p and people. He aha te mea nui o te aoHe tangata, he tangata, he tangata, What is the most important thing in the world?It is the people, it is the people, it is the people. Source: Archives New Zealand. Tirimata was given the Chieftess title after the death of her father Mohi Karuwhero a great grandchild of Tahuariki and Tokoreko. Two sons of Poutkeka II, Whatuturoto and Whaorakiterangi, greatly increased the Ngti Poutkeka rohe, and concurrently mana, in the Tmaki region. The above table is set out in chronological form thus:. Match. This limit cannot have been reached often, and 40 years is considered a much more reasonable limit. Upon his death, his people, known as "Ngti Te Wehi", moved South West of Aotea Harbour, some stayed at Makomako, Te Papatapu and Motakotako. They aimed to protect Tmaki from Ngpuhi. Te Wharekai: Te Mokai Ko Te Mokai translated as meaning a servant, to serve the people. For Mori it is a taonga, and for many it is also tapu. He led a series of raids known as Te Raupatu Tihore, "The Stripping Conquest" across the Tamaki isthmus, before being killed at a pa at Waiherunga in South Kaipara.[7]. Auckland. Tuteiwi had Takupu-o-te-rangi, to give him his full name, who had Kiringaua, wife of Mahuta. Whatuturoto typically lived at Te Pane Mataaho but sometimes resided on the coast of Te Manukanuka o Hoturoa (the Manukau Harbour) from Maungataketake (Ellets Mountain) to Puhinui, an area which includes whatutroto near the famous Ihumtao, . [1] Te Totara pa on the south . The tangata whenua of this land is Ngati Rakaiatane ofTe Aitanga A Hauiti, Iwi. Tupahau, Huiao, Te Ariari=Karewarewa, Potete=Tahinga, Tuwhakahautaua, Whaturoto, Karewa=Huapiri, Hua, Huirae, =(1) Paoa, Te Tikiorereata, Tarapeka=Parekaka, Tauhakari=, Te Tahuri===Te Ikamaupoho, Koura, Kiwi Tamaki, Kahutoroa=Tautini, =(1) Kuku (2)=(2)Tomirikura (1)=Takapuangana, =Kahuroro, Tumu=, Te Ahooterangi=, =Te Moko, =Te Rawhatihoro, Puku=, =Te Mihinga, Hikairo, Family tree. [6], Ngati Whatua had heard of Kawharu's bravery and strength in battle, and in 1680, asked him north to Kaipara to help fight Te Kawerau. The Ngti Te Ata understanding was that by signing the Treaty, the groups rangatiratanga and mana was being affirmed and acknowledged by the Crown. Each name has the prefix 'Ko', which is not part of the name and has 'his mark' following the moko or mark. According to research Te Wehi is said to have been a very swift runner and a fierce warrior, so too his older half brother Kawharu the Giant was 9ft tall Description: Includes whakapapa on most iwi by waka, a parliamentary speech `The Maori Magna Carta', the creation of the `Maori Education Foundation' and the `Primary School Bulletin'; also includes a letter from Te Puea Herangi and a sympathetic letter from a woman who had an affair with a married man, Wally Jones Quantity: 1 folder (s). At the same time I was conscious of the fact that any further information I am able to supply you would always be coloured by the discrepancies alluded to. Trade opportunities also came to Ngti Te Ata at Waiuku. In Chart I it can be seen that Huiao could not be earlier than 1500, and Rangitairi could not be much later than shown unless several discrepancies in ages are made elsewhere. Holloway, K. M. Maungarei : an outline history of the Mount Wellington, Panmure and Tamaki districts, 1962. According to ancestor's, Ngti Te Wehi became an iwi after he had regained his father's Mana and made connections to his granduncles Wharetiipeti and Tapaue of Ngaati Mahuta. Uerata & Puakirangi had Rangihoto, Wharetiipeti, Hourua & Tapaue. Tainui. Surely traditions become myths or legends only when the system of recording breaks down, or is too primitive to keep a consistent record, and through changes in the telling, facts become subservient to drama. as shown above here). The then named Tokoreko & her husband Tahau became the Great Grand Parents of Whakaawi, mother of King Tawhiao. In the accepted version Mapau and Waengarangi have the same mother as Tuatangiroa. The Twharetoa region extends from Te Awa o te Atua (Tarawera River) at Matat across the central plateau of the North Island to the lands around Mount Tongariro and Lake Taup.Twharetoa is the sixth largest iwi in New Zealand, with a population of 35,877 of the 2013 New . Figure 17 - Muriwhenua's Pa & Cultivations 15 . This reservation applies with equal force to the statistical date, 1350, as it surely would be found that the genealogies used all derived from the few individuals of whom there are records on the canoes. Eventually Whatuturoto became ariki, and his son Huakaiwaka would also ultimately became ariki, Much like his father, Huakaiwaka occupied Te Pane Mataaho, but he shared his residence between there, Maungakiekie (One Tree Hill), . Note: this map has been copied from a modern day map, and as such does not represent a fully accurate depiction of the historical coastline. This paper is based on material which formed an essential part of - 46 the investigation of the tribal history of the Te Awamutu district. Collecting resources, like fish, is an exercise of mana within an area. Te Aotroa took the name Te Aotroa Hne Waitere when the Wesleyan Mission was set up in area mid 1830s by John Whiteley. Te Aotroa Hne Waitere was a Ngti Te Wehi/Ngti Mahanga chief who signed the Manukau-Kawhia copy of the Treaty of Waitangi 15 June 1840. It was, however, at Matukutureia Maunga close to the Te Waihua heartland that Huataus daughter, Te Ata i Rehia, was born. Americas Partner Team. L. G. Kelly shows Hotunui as a son of Uenukutuwhatu, but the above is supported by a well known tradition. Upon the death of their rangatira (leader) Te Ata i Rehia, Ngti Kahukoka was renamed Ngti Te Ata. In using a typewriter normal single spacing, or two notches on the platen, represents a decade, and twenty notches a century. At one point, the Ngati Huarere were also described as having a fifth (minor?) Tuhianga, Poutama=Panirau, Haumia, Te Kura=Uenukuterangihoka, Mango, Kaihamu, Te Urutira, Raruaioio=Tupahau=, Rueke, Karewa, Karewarewa=Te Ariari, Maniapoto=Hinemania, Tahinga=Potete, =Hineteao, Korokino, Rakaupango, Manukipuriore, Tuhorotini, Koata=Pakaue, Mananaki=Toarangatira=, Kawharu=, Waikohika=Te Kanawa, Kahupake, =Waikauri, =Parehounuku, Rakahuru=Marangaiparoa, =Tirapurua, Te Maunu, Kimihia, Te Haunga=, Werawera, Pikauterangi, Rakaherea=, =Waitohi, Toitoi, Te Rauparaha, Rangihaeata, Te Peehi Kupe, Family tree. Determined to solve the question I immediately got into touch with persons who possess sufficient knowledge of, or who possess books of whakapapa. Auckland City Libraries Heritage Collections: Kura, Auckland. It is reproduced here with kind permission from Lyn Tairi. Flashcards. It is possible, though questionable, that reasonable accuracy might be obtained from one or two lines of very great length, such as those going back to the demigods and gods. Terms in this set (20) Huakatoa. One of Huakaiwakas wives was Ruawhakiwhaki, and importantly for Ngti Te Ata, one of the children from this union was Huatau, . Rangianewa=(1) Rereahu (2)=Hineaupounamu, Te Ihingarangi, Maniapoto (1)=Hinemania, Uehaeroa, Te Kawairirangi, Waerenga, =(1) Hinewhatihua (2)=(2) Maniapoto, Paparauwhare=(3) Maniapoto, Rora, Tutakamoana, Family tree. 6 Throughout the charts each date of birth is compatible with every other. Through the intermixing of Tmakis earliest inhabitants and people from the some of the significant migratory waka, like Tainui, came the Ngti Poutkeka people. Roughly three centuries ago, Ngti Te Ata founded a primary marae at Te Pae o Kaiwaka, known later as Waiuku. 2022. We krero around the whakapapa, and find out some interesting facts about Hamilton place names along the way. Whanaungatanga | A central and vital tikanga that refers to relationship and community building and maintenance. Whakapapa is an indestructible force within te ao Mori that connects tangata with their tpuna, te taiao (the natural world) and one another. (5) The limits are progressively reduced as different pieces are put in juxtaposition. Enough has been said to demonstrate the principles and the method, and also to give some idea of the degree of approximation attainable. This is the first thing of.the kind that has been erected for the natives of New Zealand; and I am glad to learn that other three parties are now arranging to follow this praiseworthy example of our people. Ko Piipiiwharauroa, The domain of his brother, Whatuturoto, was the Tmaki isthmus, and it extended south until hitting his brothers rohe. Wesleyan missionaries James Wallis and John Whiteley(Hone Waitere to Kawhia Maori) gathered 10 more signatures at Kawhia between April and September 1840. During his travels across Tmaki in March 1842, Robert Sutton noted that Ngti Te Ata rohe was by this time again numerously populated with many kainga. The fact that a trading station was founded nearby to Ngti Te Ata rohe during the apparent abandonment of Tmaki highlights that local groups like Ngti Te Ata never extinguished the fires of ahi ka. Now Toa-Rangatira(Ngti Mango) is an uncle to Te Wehi as he married Pakaue's sister Mananaki. Drawing on paper by Pellizzaro-Hurrell, Maya. Whaorakiterangi exercised mana over what we would now call the southern Manukau across to the western shores of Tkapa Moana o Hauraki (the Hauraki Gulf), . Ngti Whare is a Mori iwi of New Zealand. At least one widely accepted Waikato genealogy of great importance can be shown by analysis to be quite impossible, while it can also be shown that a lesser known version could easily be the correct one. It was a short-lived conflict with peace quickly being somewhat reinstated. When near death, Huakaiwaka asked for wai from Te Pkaki tapu o Poutkeka, a tapu (sacred) spring southeast of Te Pane Mataaho, . Following the death of Poutkeka, the ariki position (highest-ranking leader) was bestowed on his son Poutkeka II, Two sons of Poutkeka II, Whatuturoto and Whaorakiterangi, greatly increased the Ngti Poutkeka rohe, and concurrently mana, in the Tmaki region, . In 1840 another group of Pkeh, the Crown (the British authority), came knocking on the door of Ngti Te Ata. It will also be noted that Te Manaoterangi married two sisters, Tini and Waipaia, sisters of Kuku, and also generally supposed to be daughters of Parekiteiwi. Whatuturoto typically lived at Te Pane Mataaho but sometimes resided on the coast of Te Manukanuka o Hoturoa (the Manukau Harbour) from Maungataketake (Ellets Mountain) to Puhinui, an area which includes whatutroto near the famous Ihumtao. 2022. Glass plate negative. This would give the Waikato tribes an undisputed seniority over the tribes who claim descent from the junior members of the respective families mentioned. When near death, Huakaiwaka asked for wai from Te Pkaki tapu o Poutkeka, a tapu (sacred) spring southeast of Te Pane Mataaho. hapu, the Ngati Hinu, somewhere along the west coast. Therefore, Ngti Te Wehi is connected to & supports The King movement Te Kingitanga,[28] as one of Ngti Te Wehi Marae 'Okapu Marae Te Kotahitanga Ngti Te Wehi' are part of the 29 Marae who hold an Annual General Poukai, 14 March of every year. Paratai=(1) Mahanga (2)=, Kieraunui, Tukotuku, Waitawake=Tutarawa, Ruateatea, Wahangaterangi, Parekiteiwi, Te Tauorangiriri, Atutahi, Whenu=Hinemotuhia, Kuku, (Tini), Ngamurikaitaua=Puruhi, Te Keteiwi=, Koroki, Taakiao, Parewhakahau, =Hinemata, Ruru=Korako, Rangapu, Puakirangi, Koata=Ngaere=Hekeiterangi, Waeganui, Koata=Pakaue, Te Manaoterangi=Tini, Kawharu, Te Wehi, Ngauru=Uetawhiti, Family tree. Hotumatapu, Motai, Puhaanga, Ue, Putetere, Rakamaomao, Uetihi, =Kakati=, Houmea, Uenoho, Tawhao, Matuaaiwi, Ueraki, Uetapu, Tuhianga, Taipu, Punuiatekore, Marutehiakina, Poutama=Panirau, Tokohei, Turongo, Whatihua, Haumia, Tamapoto, Te Kura, Mango, Whataakai, Raukawa, Kaihamu, Raka, Tuheitia, Wharerere=Kurawari, Rereahu=, Kurawari, Te Urutira, Mahanga, Whaita, Raeroa, Rueke, Huiao, =Hineaupounamu, Pahoro=Tuteiwi, Maniapoto=Hinemania, Waiharapepe=Matakore, Maniapoto, Takupu, Paretahuri, Mahuta=Kiringaua, Tuteiwi, Family tree. Auckland City Libraries Heritage Collections: Kura, Auckland. 1880. But the Tmaki that was returned to was one of great change. Some later arrivals in Tmaki came from the Tainui waka, led by Poutkeka son of the wakas leader Hoturoa. Nor does genealogy explain the mana associated with understanding who and where you are from. The first trading station in the area was set up near the mouth of the Waikato in 1830 by Charles Marshall. Giant Kawharu not satisfied with his one revenge upon Tahu-mhina's warriors, decided to enlist the help of his father-in-law Toa-Rangatira, whose first joint battle with Kawharu beat Te Kanawa after he attacked them, but Toa-Rangatira let Te Kanawa go, to spread their fame as great warriors, the pair with their tribes then won a battle against Tahu-mhina at Te Maika, the latter running to the safety of his Motu-ngaio Pa but then surrounded was ambushed & killed by Toa-Rangatira as he then tried to escaped Motu-ngaio, the names of the battles fought have been handed down to us. [9] One of Pita and Tirimata sons was Te Mahara Pita Mahu who was very active in claimant for Ngati Te Wehi. Then Maramatutahi was the oldest child of Wairere's third consecutive wife, and was actually Wairere's sixth child. Native tradition is unreliable. And further on he says: Again, Maori traditions are of questionable value as historical documents . But during this time of relative abandonment, some Ngti Te Ata maintained ahi ka in Tmaki. If this minimum were reduced to 18 years, the difference would be 10 per cent, or a matter of 50 years in the whole history from the great migration to the arrival of the. Whatihua=Ruaputahanga, Uenukuwhangai=Matiti, Kotare, Tamapango, Koperu=Moanawaiwai, Kauwhata, Tukohere=Ngaparetaihinu, Tamure=Tuwaiwai, Wehiwehi, Ihuwera=, Tuwhakarara, Whakamaungarangi=Kurii, =Hinemapuhia, Hinemapuhia, Tutete=, Hounuku, =Tutanumia, Rauti=Tamaihuhongonoa, Hinetore=Huitao, Tikitiki, Koroki, Hae=, Parekarewa, =Parekarewa, Ngako, Hape, Haua, =Taikiterangi, =Kahoki, Werewere, Pukauae=, =Hikairo, Urumawake=, Parehiawe=, =Hourua, Paoro, Paeahi, Te Oro, Te Ahooterangi, Te Moko, Parepaoro=Purangataua, Te Mihinga, Rangimahora, Hikairo, Tangimoana, Te Waharoa, Wiremu Tamihana, Pukauae=, =Hourua, Te Umukiwhakatane=(1) Parengaope (2)=Te Ahooterangi, Te Moko=Tumu, Puku=, =Te Mihinga, Whakamarurangi, Rangimahora, Muriwhenua, Hikairo, Irohanga, Te Riunui, Maungatautari, Whakamarurangi, Te Weu, Family tree. . (6) On occasion it is justifiable to use known contemporaries for defining limits. A perfect pattern should never be expected as all the pieces will never be available; nevertheless a very close approximation can readily be obtained. Auckland. For tangata whenua, understanding whakapapa gives an individual or group the key to the door to enact the mana of their tpuna and collective.
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