Total loading time: 0 Description. Nevertheless, this genus survived the PermianTriassic extinction events. Dimensions. Phylogeny is the study of how organisms are related through evolution. 4, only fig. Thirty-seven species are identified of which nine species are new: Hungarella forelae n.sp., Hungarella siciliiensis n.sp., Bairdia andrecrasquini n.sp., Bairdia gambaneraensis n.sp., Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp., Ptychobairdia leonardoi n.sp., Petasobairdia jeandercourti n.sp., Kerocythere dittainoensis n.sp. : fig. Twenty kilograms of sediments were collected from each of the two stratigraphic levels. H=361374m; L=774812m. : 147, pl. One complete carapace, collection number PMC O 77 P 13/10/2019, Crasquin et al. Pour la premire fois est ici analyse une association dostracodes provenant du Trias suprieur (zones Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus du sous tage Tuvalien) dans les argiles et grs de la Formation Mufara affleurant le flanc ouest du Mont Gambanera (Castel di ludica, Sicile Centre Est). 5. redcarensis (Blake, 1876), Occurrence. According to many authors, the Mufara basin is located in a transitional position between the bathyal Neotethys facies to the south and southeast and the carbonate platforms that surround it (Figs. Similar taphonomic characteristics were also found by Pokorny (1964) and Oertli (1971) for pelitic layer associations deposited in basins with extremely rapid distal sedimentation. deformataKollmann (1963); Crasquin et al. The repository numbers are given as PMC (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) X H (number of holotype) or X P (number of paratype) or FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. 2018 Ogmoconchella felsooersensis (Kozur, 1970); Crasquin et al. Sylvie Crasquin, Francesco Sciuto, Agatino Reitano, Rosa Maria Coco; Late Triassic (TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones) ostracods from Monte Gambanera (Castel di Iudica, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy). The main differences between the two species is the presence of 2 spines at PVB of RV, presence of a spine at AB of booth valves and the less distinct blade at the AB of H. siciliiensis n.sp.. We cant exclude that these differences are due to morphological variability of H. forelae n.sp. Plus de 200 spcimens ont t identifis. Dimensions. and 2, fig. Occurrence. The present specimens are close to Ogmoconchella felsooersensis (Kozur, 1970) from the early Anisian of Hungary (Kozur, 1970, Monostori, 1995) and Romania (Sebe et al., 2013). 11, figs. 1. Dimensions. and Tuvalian to the Tropites subbullatus zone (Fig. tropites subbullatus physical characteristics the tropites subbullatus is an animal that lives around the triassic period. 1963 Mirabairdia pernodosa n.sp. Dimensions. n.sp. H=269296m; L=446488m. Carapace long (H/L0.4), reticulated, strongly laterally compressed along AB, AVB, VB, PVB, PB; DB long and straight at both valves; presence of an elongated node at ADB and PDB of both valves; LV with two big horns with large base at each extremities of DB. 208-230 million years old A tropites an extinct genus of cephalopods, a marine mollusk similar to modern squids. E, K) as Hungarella gommerii Forel, 2019 from the Carnian of Sichuan (South China) are very close to our specimens. H=600615m; L=885953m. The Palaeozoic forms are considered to belong to the subfamily Healdiinae Harlton (1933). 1; Crasquin et al. 2014 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Monostori and Tth: 26, pl. : fig. In fact the trip doesn't even get you onto dry land you're, Calculate the uncertainty associated with the following total distances (in m or km) traveled along your road-trip route, assuming the error or fuzziness associated with each time frame is 1% of the, To the Precambrian As we travel further back before the Paleozoic Era, we leave the time frame of fossils mostly behind. 1, fig. At the present specimens the BP is larger, the median ridge ends at the posterior lobe and doesnt reach the BP; an additional ridge is present below the lobes and the flanks are parallel in dorsal view. 2I, 3C. 8, figs. Occurrences. Subfamily Hungarellinae Kristan-Tollmann (1971). B-C: Hungarella siciliiensis n.sp. Diagnosis. : 134, fig. its characterized by a distinctive, easily recognizable, globular shell within a central keel. The Mufara Basin, therefore, can be interpreted as a shallow marine basin (Fig. Morphologically, the left and right valves of Hungarella are asymmetrical contrary to those of Ogmoconcha (Kristan-Tollmann, 1977a, b; Lord, 1982): in the absence of observable central muscle scars, all Triassic occurrences of Ogmoconcha and Ogmoconchella are re-attributed to the genus Hungarella. 7O-P. Etymology. Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp. ; Sohn: 23-24, pl. Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Mockella barbroae n.sp. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O FS61. At the present material the lateral ridge is longer, ascends at its posterior part and the surface is reticulated. Etymology. 2, figs. 2010 Urobairdia angustaKollmann (1963); Zorn: 271-272, pl. 3) (Carrillat, 2001; Carrillat and Martini, 2009). This modern theory then suggests that life originated on Earth by means of a rather slow evolution of nonliving matter. Tropites is a genus of Cephalopods in the family Tropitidae. One left valve, collection number PMC O 83 P 13/10/2019 (Plate 2H). ; Kozur: 5-6, figs. The Imerese Basin, where these sedimentary successions were deposited, was delimited by the Panormide Carbonate Platform to the west and the Trapanese Carbonate Platform to the east and south (Catalano and DArgenio, 1982; Montanari, 1987; Speranza and Minelli, 2014). Tropites subbullatus . Description. 1, figs. The 10 determined families present are: Healdiidae, Bairdiidae, Bythocyprididae, Acratiidae, Cytheruridae, Limnocytheridae, Candonidae, Cavellinidae, Polycopidae, Thaumatocyprididae. Tuvalian, Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018), Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this work). 1, fig. 2. A proposed map of the Earth in the Late Triassic Period (220 million years ago). 2018 Bairdia cf. 1-2. 7T-U, in press. G: holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 27 H 13/10/2019; H: paratype, left lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 83 P 13/10/2019. B: Paracypris? Pl 33, figs 1-7; pl 34, figs 1-14; pl 79, figs 1-10: 1927: Tropites subbullatus Smith: 1951: Tropites subbullatus Spath p. 88: 1977: Tropites subbullatus Liang p. 77 figs. This unit, outcropping in the southern slopes of the mount, mainly consists of dark grey pelites, which locally contain rare ammonites, with rare interbeds of fossiliferous calcarenites and fibrous calcite with Halobia spp. Synthesis of the palaeoenvironmental model and evolution However, we try to establish a way to distinguish the Triassic Healdiidae genera when only the external characters of carapaces are available. In the same way, the carapaces of Acratiidae lengthen with depth (as example: Acratia goemeryiKozur (1970) from Early-Smithian- to Late-Carnian-Triassic; see Forel et al., 2017). RV: Strongly flattened all around except in ventral part; presence of a sulcus in AD part; BD long; AB with quite small radius of curvature; VB gently concave at its anterior part; BP very slender; DB, ADB, AVB, PVB, PDB straight. 1970 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Ulrichs: 705-706, pl. 1, fig. The results of the ostracod fauna analysis allow the following conclusions: 1. A principal components analysis was performed using the three main characters: (1) apertural surface area index (i.e., the ratio of the apertural surface and the conch diameter), (2) buccal mass area index (i.e., the ratio between the buccal mass area and the ASarea), and (3) coiling rate of the conch. H=204293m; L=231306m. Carnian ammonoid zones in Monte Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Monte Gambanera (present study) (after Lucas, 2010 modified). L=886910m; H=600643m. sp. 1-2, pl. A: Hiatobairdia sp. Hebdon, Nicholas Scale bars=200m except P-Q, R=100m. or the Mufara Formation (Schmidt di Friedberg and Trov, 1962). Remarks. Description. The palaeoecological interpretation of the sedimentary facies of the Mufara Formation is extremely difficult due to the absence of intact outcrops. Remarks. Gliwa, Jana The repository numbers are given as PCM (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) X H (number of holotype) or X P (number of paratype) or FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. Type species Mirabairdia pernodosaKollmann (1963). E: Podocopida gen. sp. Etymology. L=270492m; H=150275m (see Fig. : 134, figs. Three complete carapaces and one broken carapace. The authors are grateful to the reviewers and the editors for detailed suggestions and comments to the manuscript. ; Kristan-Tollmann: 196, pl. A surge of recent discoveries has helped clarify some aspects of their evolution, but competing phylogenetic hypotheses raise questions about their relationships, biogeography, and fossil record quality. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS51. Earlymiddle Anisian, Uzum Bair, Dobrogea, Roumania (Crasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru, 1996; Sebe et al., 2013); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS70. redcarensis (Blake, 1876). Late Norian, Zlambach Formation, Austria (Kollmann, 1963; Zorn, 2010); Anisian, Felsrs, Hungary (Monostori, 1995); Carnian, Nosztori Valley, Hungary (Szles, 1965); Ladinian-Carnian, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori and Tth, 2013, 2014); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). M: holotype, lateral view of a right valve, PMC O 28 H 13/10/2019; N: paratype, lateral view of a left valve, PMC O 84 P 13/10/2019. Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. is similar to Bairdia deformataKollmann (1963) from the Rhaetian of Austria. K: Bythocypris sp. 1, 3, 5, 6; pl. Reflection questions Explain how biological evolution is supported by . 8). (1990) to be a stenohaline ostracod. This species is extinct. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS75. This species is extinct. Pl 2, fig 6 Tropites, genus of extinct cephalopods (animals similar to the modern squid and octopus but with an external shell) found as fossils in marine rocks of the Late Triassic Period (from 230 to 208 million years ago). 1-2. How many years and "centimeters" of time separated the dinosaurs and humans on Earth? and OgmoconchaTriebel (1941) as synonyms (Moore, 1961; Anderson, 1964). The repository number of the specimens are given in the systematic descriptions and/or in plate explanations. Dimensions. (2019b) from the Carnian of China and to Bairdia liviaeForel and Grdinaru (2018) from the Anisian of North Dobrogea, Romania (Forel and Grdinaru, 2018) but this last species does not show the specific characteristics. The Mufara Fm. P. iudicaensis n.sp. Material. I: Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869). 1G. 1994 Simeonella brotzenorum nostorica n.sp. Material. 8C. 2HL, 2013 Bairdiacypris triassicaKozur (1971a, b, c); Monostori and Tth: 313-314, pl. Paratype. L=606760m; H=503533m (see Fig. O: Bairdia sp. Occurrence. (2002). Early Carnian, Late Triassic, Southern Alps, Italy (Reuss, 1869; Gmbel, 1869; Ulrichs, 1970; Kristan-Tollmann, 1978); Carnian, Late Triassic, wity Krzy Mountain, Poland (Styk, 1958); Carnian, Late Triassic, Transdanubian Range, Hungary (Kristan-Tollmann, 1991); Late Anisian, Middle Triassic, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori, 1995); Early Anisian, Middle Triassic, North Dobrogea, Romania (Crasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru, 1996); Ladinian, Middle Triassic, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori and Tth, 2013, 2014); Middle Anisian, Middle Triassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria (Mette et al., 2014); Carnian, Late Triassic, Karavanke Mountains, Slovenia (Forel et al., 2019b); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Dedicated to past Pr. L=610776m; H=362553m (see Fig. Carnian ammonoid zones in Monte Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Monte Gambanera (present study) (after Lucas, 2010 modified). Material. Since then, some deep marine forms were also found in the Ladinian of Balaton Highland (Monostori and Tth, 2013), in the Carnian of Turkey (Forel et al., 2017) and Slovenia (Forel et al., 2019b). Sexual dimorphism present, expressed by the thickness of the posterior part of the carapace in heteromorphs. Occurrence. ; Crasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru: 77-78, pl. com.) Pl. (complete carapace) H=462m; L=800m. differs from P. kristanaeKollmann (1960) from the RhaetianEarly Jurassic of Austria (Kollmann, 1960, 1963) and the late Carnian of Sicily (Crasquin et al., 2018) by its reticulated carapace and the RV being clearly smaller than LV. (2019b). I. Stratigraphie, Palontologie der U.O. Occurrence. differs from other species by the specific characters. Dimensions. Sediments were routinely washed, dried in oven and sieved. The Triassic forms belong to Hungarellinae Kristan-Tollmann (1971) and Liassic ones to the subfamily Pseudohealdiinae Grndel (1964) (Kristan-Tollmann, 1971). (2019b; Plate 4, particularly fig. 1970 Hiatobairdia subsymmetrica n. gen. 1 in Crasquin and Horne). : fig. The evolution of the families and smaller groups of ammonites is followed through the various stages of the Lower Jurassic. 3. Remarks.Petasobairdia jeandercourti n.sp. Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. In this basin, therefore, occurs a transitional facies between the Panormide and Trapanese shelf facies, on the one hand, and a deep marine facies of the Neo-Tethys, on the other. 9). n.sp. 18-19. Lateral view of a right valve, PCM O FS67. The occurrence of Acratia maugerii in the present material confirms that Acratia occurs in neritic environments of the Carnian.