And insofar as part of what makes something good philosophy is that it sparks wonder and further questioning, Zhuangzis stories might even do better than self-standing thought experiments. In Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong and Kai-Yuan Cheng. . Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. 2007. Cheng, Anne. Despeux, Catherine. On Anger: An Essay on Confucian Moral Psychology. In Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity, edited by David Jones and Jinli He. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China (Zhe-xue-yuan), Av. And if one makes his opponent from steel rather than straw, giving said opposition the most convincing and charitable positions possible, then he might learn something as a product of the conflict between his own preconceived notions and those notions in disagreement. 18In this vein perhaps we could draw an analogy between Zhuangzis work and some works in modern art where its not always clear to the observer what the artist was going for. 13Zhuangzi is known for giving voice to many different creatures humans of all sorts and a host of animals as well. The lack of full clarity and explanation is precisely what invites and allows the observer to make something out of the work for herself and thus arguably makes the piece, or whatever is taken from it, more memorable. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and 2015. You are able to divert the trolley to the other track (you cant stop the trolley or have it go in between the tracks; at least one person is going to die in this scenario). To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Dao He lives an unexamined life and is thereby ignorant of his own ignorance. 14Perhaps one of the most marked differences between a classic thought experiment in Western analytic philosophy and a story in Zhuangzi is that in the former, there is a clear question being asked. With Zhuangzi, on the other hand, the people, animals and objects that defy reality do not necessarily teach us something about a reality of our own lives, except perhaps the idea that we are often limited by those realities. A Complete Translation of the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . He is trapped within the boundaries of his own preconceptions. This is what the ancients call loosing the bonds. Ma, L., van Brakel, J. Revisiting the Exchange between Zhuangzi and Huizi on Qing. ______. Emotion in Pre-Qin Ruist Moral Theory: An Explanation of Dao Begins in Qing. Philosophy East and West 53.2: 271281. Zhuangzi. Ray Sorensen writes that analytic philosophers make heavy use of thought experiment because it is the natural test for the clarificatory practices constituting conceptual analysis: definition, question delegation, drawing distinctions, crafting adequacy conditions, teasing out entailments, advancing possibility proofs, mapping inference patterns (1992: 15). The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . I planted them, and when they grew, the fruit was a yard across. New York: Seven Bridges Press. WebHuizi said to Zhuangzi, Can a ren indeed be without qing? The reply was, He can.But on what grounds do you call him a ren, who is thus without qing? Zhuangzi said, The Jena: Diederichs. For example, in Chapter 1 of the Zhuangzi there is the story of a fish named Minnow turning into a bird named Breeze and being laughed at by the cicada and student-dove.19 Here Zhuangzi suggests that it is only because the little bugs have such a small perspective that they cant understand bigger things, so while its understandable that they laugh, its due to a short-sightedness on their part. Neuchtel: Peter Lang. People who follow their natures and pursue their own path to language learning will be happier and more successful than learners who try meet goals set for them by others. How does what he say in other places help us to understand what he might be saying in this passage? Do computers understand things the way humans do? Perhaps Zhuangzi sees his role as roaming through the world and drawing our attention to the various kinds of creatures and reactions to life they can have, but he himself wants to remain silent on the question of which lives or responses, if any, are best. %PDF-1.5 2011. Bradenton, FL: BookLocker. over 2,300 years ago He taught the Tao, or way, an approach to life based on effortlessness and harmony with (LogOut/ We show that these peaceful attitudes are associated with the idea of wuwei in the Zhuangzi. 2011. 2002-2022 The Linguist Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. In these classic thought experiments, and many others, there is a clear question being asked. Such distractions can be left out of fabricated cases so that we can better focus on the relevant moral principles. I planted them, and they grew to the size of five bushels. 2014. With Zhuangzi, however, its not clear that understanding his stories is supposed to lead us back to some aspect of human life. A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. 2004. 2014. Zhuangzi writes: Suddenly, Master Chariot got sick. Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. One reason Introduction: Emotions and the Conceptual History of Qing . In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. Then I will explain some differences in the way Zhuangzi presents and uses fictional anecdotes. Change is to be welcomed, and nothing should be held onto too tightly, because change itself is the only constant thing. Ren, Songyao. 2004. 11As mentioned before, Dancy explains that sometimes we come up with an imaginary case because its relevantly similar to an actual case, but the imaginary case is easier for us to think through. 2003. 15Or to take an example not from ethics, John Searle writes about being in a room with a manual that helps him to correlate certain Chinese characters such that he can answer questions given to him in Chinese (even though he knows no Chinese) by referring to a manual written in English about which characters to give in response to which character inputs. 8 Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. Keep me logged in (not suitable for shared devices). ______. Anecdotes and thought experiments in Zhuangzi and Western philosophy, Rethinking Philosophy, Semiotics, and the Arts with Umberto Eco, Rethinking Schelling. It is the acknowledgement of his ignorance which give him a reason to better himselfbecause he knows just how far he is from who he could become. 12With Western thought experiments often the goal is to bring us back to a truth or situation about human life. If thats so, then its not helpful in informing us about what to do in the real-world case, and now we have two problem cases instead of one.12 He also implies that the difficult features of the actual case that were selectively removed might in fact be relevant in terms of what we ought to do in the actual case. Van Norden, B., Ivanhoe, P., 2005, Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company. Liu, Qingping. The video below (Flight from the Shadow) is an example of the type of teaching he engaged in. Nozick, R., 1974,Anarchy, State, and Utopia, New York, Basic Books. Perhaps Zhuangzi would affirm Master Chariot for being so free. Arthur C. Danto e l'ontologia dell'arte, Il Significato Eluso. 2012. Abstract On a prima facia reading, Zhuangzi seems to endorse some form of skepticism or relativism. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. Dao 20, 133148 (2021). Forthcoming. What is he trying to do? Wilhelm, Richard, trans. Each moment, the opportunity to switch between Huizi and Zhuangzi presents itself. WebZongzi ( Chinese: ) or simply zong (Cantonese Jyutping: zung2) is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo 1889. Dschuang-Dsi. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6. ______. 24Alternatively, perhaps Zhuangzi thinks Master Chariot is crazy, and he is inventing a character who seems accepting of such ridiculous things happening as a way of questioning the sanity of a mind that is so calm and unperturbedMaster Chariot then would be an example of how Daoist passivity can go too far. Zhuangzi, the Taoist philosopher, lived in. 5Thought experiments have long been used in philosophy as a way to raise questions or pursue knowledge through considering hypothetical situations. In this paper I will present a few well-known thought experiments from contemporary Western philosophers and highlight some characteristic traits of such thought experiments. Leiden: Brill. In both, finding the message of the work or the intention of its creator is not necessarily the purpose of the piece as much as is engaging with it and walking away with something even if that something is not an understanding of the actual work but rather a broadening of the mind, an interesting question, or a pleasurable experience. This seems at odds with Zhuangzi as one of the two main Does that mean Zhuangzi approves of Master Chariots accepting attitude? What a habit, to obliterate possibility and potential in the mind out of bitterness and arrogance. The point is often to free us from the human perspective. Part of Springer Nature. I split them into ladles but they were too big to dip into anything. ______. Emotion in Pre-Qin Ruist Moral Theory: An Explanation of Dao Begins in Qing. Philosophy East and West 53.2: 271281. He really has convinced himself that his knowledge and mode of thinking is complete! And between one individual and another, and another, each will be in some ways Huizi, and in other ways Zhuang Zhou. Leiden: Brill. It would seem that the virtue of Master Chariot is that he humbly accepts whatever happens to him, and it is the mental (ability to let go) that is more important than the physical. Wang Bi and Xuanxue. In Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy, edited by Xiaogan Liu. You get something when its time. 2009. Beijing : Shangwu Yinshuguan . Hansen, Chad. Whereas the trees in the industrial forest are straight and look alike, the crooked tree grew alone, or with a mixture of other trees of different ages and species. Qin, Xuqing , and Sun Yongchang , trans. This study presents clear modern logic analysis of the debate; it can also provide a more reliable logical basis for the discussions of Zhuangzi and Huizis related philosophical thoughts. Do you divert the trolley or not? 2018. 1981/2001. This word is also used in the title of the first chapter of the Zhuangzi: Free and Easy Wandering (xiao yao you ). USefullnes is. Virg, Curie. His epigrams and parables praised those who achieved mastery through constant practice of a skill, following their own inclinations, He scorned complicated explanations and theories. Ma, Lin, and Jaap van Brakel. Guiyang : Guizhou Renmin Chubanshe . The Complete Work of the Zhuangzi . <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 1968. We show that these peaceful attitudes are associated with the idea of wuwei in the Zhuangzi. Huizi, aka Hui Shi, was a representative of the School of Names. The thought experiments here and conclusions about the imaginary cases are taken to help defend a certain stance (e.g., against utilitarianism, against strong artificial intelligence) that the philosopher wants to take. Chapter One ends with Zhuangzi 2018. Leiden: Brill. They are used in all branches of philosophy, including ethics, metaphysics and epistemology. If you are content with the time and abide by the passing, theres no room for sorrow or joy. Ziporyn, Brook, trans. Chuangtse . Albany: SUNY Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6, https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427, http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html. (Melchert 86). Early Confucian Perspectives on Emotions. In Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy, edited by Vincent Shen. ______, trans. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China (Zhe-xue-yuan), Av. 1981/2001. For example, one could say, as a utilitarian, Im committed to maximizing happiness and minimizing pain so if there is a choice between letting five people live and one die or five die and one live, then I will do the former. Wieger, Lon, trans. Saggi in onore di Lucia Pizzo Russo, la neurofenomenologia. Zhuangzi says to Huizi, The ability to prevent chapped hands was the same in either case. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Forthcoming. ______, trans. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. You lose it when its passed. Chai, David. WebAn interesting legend of Zongzi has been passed down through generations from ancient China. To smash it into pieces is to say, This thing is just a waste of space and a frustration for me. It was big and all, but because it was so useless I finally just smashed it to pieces., Zhuangzi said, You are certainly stupid when it comes to using big things. endobj No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Liu, Xiaogan. The Writings of Kwang-Tze. Wang, Rongpei, trans. 2003. The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. The Happiness of Fish A Taoist Tale, Huizi said, Youre not a fish how do you know what fish enjoy?, Zhuangzi said, Youre not me, so how do you know I dont know what fish enjoy?, Huizi said, Im not you, so I certainly dont know what you know. Paris: Cathasia, 2e tirage. 2004. 1920. Even if we are confident about what to do in an imaginary case, the criticism has been raised that thought experiments dont actually reflect a truth about reality; rather, they just reflect our beliefs about reality13. The Zhuangist Views on Emotions. Asian Philosophy 28.1: 5567. It only seems useless to you because you want to turn it into something else and dont know how to appreciate it for what it is. Our text offers three additional examples: Nie Ques conversation with Wang Ni; Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. I filled it with liquid, Zhuang Zi: De volledige geschriften: Het grote klassieke boek van het Taosme Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Augustus. Kjellberg, Paul, trans. . China. He presupposes the correctness of his own logic, and when the world shows him that he is incorrect, say through his failure to actualize some potential, he takes this as evidence that the world is incorrect. Such a tree has grown to a ripe old age by adapting itself to its environment. ______, trans. Dao 23 This is uncharacteristic of Western thought experiments where the philosopher presents the imagined case and then discusses what it implies. That is to say, we each contain this same oppositional force within and among us. Nothing Can Overcome Heaven: The Notion of Spirit in the Zhuangzi. In Hiding the World in the World: Uneven Discourses on the Zhuangzi, edited by Scott Cook. 2019. Zhuangzi and the Happy Fish Dialogue. On Anger: An Essay on Confucian Moral Psychology. In Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity, edited by David Jones and Jinli He. Zhuangzi is a master storyteller and he uses that talent to teach important moral and philosophical lessons. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. - 95.111.234.200. Article 25 One could, for example, think here of Zhuangzis famous butterfly dream that concludes chapter 2 of the Zhuangzi or of his testimony about his reaction to his wifes death in chapter 18. Monica Link, Anecdotes and thought experiments in Zhuangzi and Western philosophy ,Rivista di estetica, 72|2019, 7-18. 8One hallmark of thought experiments is that they involve stretching ones imagination for a time in order to imagine either an unusual human, an unusual situation, or both. Xu, Bing . Chuang-Tzu: The Inner Chapters. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . You can divert the trolley to another track that only has one person on it. Albany: State University of New York Press. This kind of tree will resist wind and disease better than the more uniform trees of the plantation forest. Such is the happiness of fishes. You not being a fish, said Huizi, how can 28Traditional Western thought experiments and stories in Zhuangzi serve several purposes that might be harder to achieve with more straightforward argumentation or prose. Correspondence to 2018. 2008. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. However, what he does not realize is that he cannot assume that his premises are right, that each point is itself necessarily true. In this article we focus on the famous dialogue between Zhuangzi and Huizi concerning the question whether or not ren (in particular the shengren ) have qing . In seeking the truth, philosophers have long used fiction and counterfactual scenarios to raise and answer questions, to foster dialogue or give a commentary on some facet of life. 2015. Indianapolis: Hackett. It amounts to life-affirmation or to life-denialto acceptance or to rejection. Zhuangzi said, The minnows swim about so freely, following the openings wherever they take them. 7Then there are other thought experiments where the humans themselves are unique. My organs are all out of order. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). 2000. The Complete Work of the Zhuangzi . Chong, Kim-chong. A New Commentary on the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . Huizi said to Zhuangzi, This old tree is so crooked and rough that it is useless for lumber. What follows is that the expression wuqing should not be identified as a doctrine of nonemotion. Instead, wuqing implies that Zhuangzi advises us to lead a life of tranquility, calmness, and stillness. 2003. Liu, Xiaogan. Zhuang Zi: De volledige geschriften: Het grote klassieke boek van het Taosme Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Augustus. The Philosophy of Life: A New Reading of the Zhuangzi. He points out that imaginary cases reveal moral principles to us which we can then use to determine our attitude in a new case10, and this can be especially useful when something about certain features of real cases distracts us from what is actually morally important. Bradley, Scott P. 2015. volume20,pages 133148 (2021)Cite this article. Introduction: Emotions and the Conceptual History of Qing . In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. habit that he would encourage us to recognize and free ourselves of. WebZhuangzi is criticizing his friend Huizi for smashing giant gourds because he couldnt find a conventional use for them. The unrealistic nature of a thought experiment is one thing that can differentiate it from other counterfactual reasoning. Changsha : Hunan Renmin Chubanshe . Napoli: Universit degli Studie di Napoli LOrientale.. Legge, James, trans. Chuang-Tzu. But in cherry picking some famous thought experiments and anecdotes in the Zhuangzi, I will demonstrate that there are a couple of interesting differences to draw out that I think would apply to many pairings of a Western thought experiment and one of Zhuangzis stories. Uselessness. Qing (Emotions) in Pre-Buddhist Chinese Thought. In Emotions in Asian Thought: A Dialogue in Comparative Philosophy, edited by Joel Marks and Roger T. Ames. Das wahre Buch vom sdlichen Bltenland. Eno, Robert, trans. Nature, Myth, Realism, The science of futures. Huizi described the tree as gnarled, similar to Sartres description. The Tradition of Emotive Writing in the Zhuangzi and Its Echoes in Later Generations. Frontiers of Philosophy in China 10.3: 340352. I filled it with liquid, but it was not firm enough to lift. Change). 2010. WebHuizi said to Zhuangzi, The king of Wei left me the seeds of a big gourd. Master Sacrifice went to ask after him. Or in Searles Chinese Room, Searle argues that because he is functioning just like a computer running a program but understands nothing of the meaning of the inputs and outputs (in Chinese) that he is manipulating, so artificial intelligence, just in virtue of running a certain program, does not have understanding. Some of these purposes include helping us to: 1)better understand a concept by artificially constructing a scenario that makes certain features more salient 2) think about where we stand on a specific issue 3) consider alternative perspectives in a given situation and 4) see in what way a philosophers many thoughts could be made coherent or reasonable. Morgan, Jeffrey. Si, L , trans. Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. Zhang, Mosheng, , trans. 2 0 obj . There is a runaway trolley that is headed towards five people who are repairing the tracks up ahead. 3099067 A logical analysis of the debate on Hao . clandestine change of argumentative issue, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version.
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