Pakistan Times, 23 December 1963; Urdu translation and comment in Razkr 27/1:12 (1 January 1964). When all pre-emptive measures had failed and some 15,000 Shias from many parts of Pakistan had gathered in Rawalpindi to start agitation, the government finally decided to give in. Zaidi, Mutlabt, pp. Both Muzaffar Ali Shamsi and Shaiq Ambalvi were present (Razkr 35/23:2; 16 June 1971), but since only ulam were allowed to speak at the convention, S. Azhar Hasan Zaidi made such a proclamation for the ITHS and Maulana Mushtaq Ahmad of Multan on behalf of the APSC (Razkr 31/19:3; 24 May 1968). During his stay as Friday preacher in Toba Tek Singh he converted to Shiism around 1935. Razkr 27/35:3 (1 November 1964), referring to a joint session of Shia anjumans in Lahore on 25 October. The meeting of a five-member delegation with the Governor took place as scheduled and was satisfactory; see also Musa, Jawan to General, p. 207. ed., pp. No textbook on these subjects will be used in schools without approval of the said board. The latter three were ready to sign a declaration of support for the government but were prevented from doing so by the SMC delegates.395Close. Allama Sayyed Imdad Husayn Kazmi al-Mashadi - Pakistani Shi'a scholar who wrote tafsir of Qur'an (Qur'an ul-Mubeen, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 12:33. He also spoke out against Qizilbash at the Rawalpindi Convention on 3 November (Razkr 31/4243:6). The editor of Razkr repeatedly claimed that the President had termed the Shia demands reasonable (maql) (Razkr 28/3:3; 16 January 1965; Razkr 28/28:3; 24 July 1965), but this was not included in the verbatim quotation given by Mirza Yusuf Husain. By 1963 it took twenty-two hours for the 3.5 miles from the Qizilbash Haveli in the Old City to Karbal-i Gme Shh (Razkr 27/1:1; see also a report on the 1962 procession in Razkr 25/2223:2). Zaki Baqri (Canada) 3. He was elected Vice-Chairman of the MAUSP (see below) at the 1964 Karachi Convention and would accompany S. Muhammad Dihlavi during all his tours to different towns and districts in Pakistan (Razkr 35/35:4; 16 September 1971); see also references in Fn 239 to chapter 3, p. 376). Membership fees for the SMCs should be fixed locally with two thirds of the funds raised to be used for local requirements and travel expenses to countrywide meetings. Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh Deobandi (1913 - 27 September 2001), was a famous Shia Pakistani writer, orator, historian, scholar and journalist. His speech at the Sunni Conference was also in contradiction to positions taken by him in later years; see excerpts in al-Muntazar 9/13:25. To counter all these challenges, it would have been necessary that the ulam of all sects would unite to preserve Islam in the Islamic country. A meeting of the Shia Mutlabt Committee (SMC)i.e. Detailed reports on the events in Hyderabad are given in Razkr 31/78:13 (1624 February 1968). 10-Sep-96 FATA Parachinar 200 . In 2012, at least 325 were killed. Translated from Razkr 30/78:8 (Resolution No. The Jmiat Husainya Jhang was founded in 1964 by S. Zamr ul-Hasan Najafi (Naqv, Tazkira, p. 161). Pakistan Times (4 June 1963 and after) reported on the latter two incidents, but apart from that only on peaceful processions in a number of other towns, including Quetta. ; the latter three persons had been leading activists of the Anti-Ahmadiya movement of 19523, see Munir Report, passim. S. Abid Husain, a leading landlord of Jhang.16Close The Secretary-General of the ITHS, Muzaffar Ali Shamsi, for his part, was an enthusiastic supporternot to say a flattererof Ayub Khans regime right from the start.17Close In his report on the organisations activities during the preceding years read at an ITHS convention in Lahore (79 April 1961) he said, among other things: The era of martial law has become a blessing for the ITHS, and it has forced those who had conspired against it to retreat from politics.18Close The government of Ayub Khan has destroyed their dream in a humiliating way Now this group of conspirators are passing their days in retirement, while the ITHS is still alive by the grace of God and is performing the task of a spokesman of the Shias very well like before , God be praised, our present ruler is following a neutral policy in religious affairs and is giving complete freedom to all Pakistani citizens of different faiths the sectarian atmosphere in the country has become quite calm, and the situation is improving rapidly. This wave of mobilisation was entirely indigenous and more successful than all former or later campaigns for the sake of Shia equal rights during more than six decades of Pakistans history, although the concessions gained in late 1968 took some more years to be implemented and were later gradually revoked. al-Muballigh 3/12:23 (January 1960); Supplement to al-Muballigh 5/2, p. 6 (March 1961). He deems it a splendid sign of leadership to accept titles such as Nib-i Imm,132Close yatullh fl-Alamain,133Close Hujjat ul-Islm wal-Muslimn,134Close orator (khatb) or preacher (wiz). Razkr 29/25:3 (24 June 1966). 39). Therefore conflict always comes from mixed dnyt and not from separate instruction. Address at a public rally in Sargodha, 4 June (Dawn, 5 June 1963; also quoted in Razkr 26/23:3). August 1963 (Razkr 26/32:3). 1 read: S. Muhammad Dihlavi was elected leader by the ulam, and all Shia organ-isations and individuals have accepted him as their leader; so did this only representative meeting of the Shias this meeting regards those few persons who are censuring such a sound (musallam) leader directly or indirectly because of their personal interests, and those journals who are still following the old line,329Close with disgust and considers them enemies and traitors not only of the Shia demands, but of the [whole] Shia qaum. But after the lifting of martial law in June 1962, it did not take long until anti-Shia propaganda in word and in writing was resumed with vigour. These things are not coming unexpected for me; rather I have started this work expecting such difficulties and sufferings 274Close, On the other hand, Dhakko once more denied that he was opposed to the zkirs generally, insisting that he was their well-wisher and only wanted to rectify some of their current faults.275Close However, this could not make his attacks on the status quo of majlis and the zkir-business in Pakistan less objectionable in the eyes of his opponents. al-Muballigh 10/34:45 (AprilMay 1966). He is referring to Hafiz Kifayat Husain; for a more specific identification of his and other ulams alleged shortcomings see Haidaris article quoted below. Welcoming the awakening of the Shias through the SMCs he stated: The innocent and simple [Shia] people have long since been the prey of Pirs, Faqirs, Wazirs (ministers), Amirs (chieftains), ulam and zkirs, and are now so much oppressed (mazlm) that the whole country looks like a great immbrgh where we all perform mtam for the sake of our calamities.324Close. Razkr 26/29:1+5 (1 August 1963). Dissatisfaction with both the ITHS and the APSC had increased after a promising attempt to merge them had failed in early 1958.124Close New attempts and initiatives were resumed in the following years,125Close but it became clear that the leading members of both organisations were not ready to relinquish anything of their status as spokesmen of the Shias. These were S. Muhammad Abbas and Nawab Nasrullah Khan from the Kurram Agency (where Rs. See the full text in Razkr 26/4647:3 (16 December 1963). On 10 February the West Pakistan Minister of Interior, Qazi Fazlallah, was dispatched to Hyderabad to negotiate with the SMC Working Committee. al-Muballigh 7/4:32 (May 1963); Razkr 26/15:3 (16 April 1963); 26/16:3+7 (24 April 1963). Dhakko basically remained a lone crusader, who in later years would alienate even many of his former supporters.301Close, Astonishingly, the bitter conflicts among Pakistans Shias on questions of religious doctrines and practice, which came to the fore in the years from 1965 to 1968, did not affect much the movement for Shia communal demands during those same years.302Close S. Muhammad Dihlavi apparently never took sides in the dispute. For the demographic distribution of Shias in Pakistan, see sections 1.1, pp. XIXXXVIII. Tawall means friendship with the friends of Muhammad and his family, whereas tabarr means to show that one has nothing to do (l-taalluq k izhr karn) with the enemies of Muhammad and his family , The way of the Sunnis is not to interfere with the mutual rivalries of the great religious figures, but rather to remain silent about these quite to the opposite, the way of the Shias is not to consider those persons or parties which have opposed Muhammad and his family as having been right, and hence to show that they have nothing to do with them , Nobody can change historical facts. See his inaugural speech on 28 August 1964; Razkr 27/2728:5. 4245. That title has been quite unfamiliar among Pakistani Shia ulam prior to the 1979 Iranian revolution. Mukhtar Faizi (USA) Quote See sections 4.3, p. 121; 4.5, pp. See references in Fn 383 to chapter 3 (p. 383). This applied especially to the APSC President Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash, who became more interested in Shia affairs after having lost executive power,126Close and to Muzaffar Ali Shamsi, who remained the real strongman of the ITHS even after the election of a new chairman in 1961 and his token resignation in 1962.127Close But there were a number of other office-holders in both organisations who had no interest in their dissolution or merger either. In February 1960 Hafiz Kifayat Husain had still led an ITHS delegation to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi of Iran; see Razkr 23/910:1 (1 March 1960). Professions of loyalty to the government and the country as expressed above would be repeated regularly by S. Muhammad Dihlavi and his supporters during the coming years together with the Shia demands. In any case, the ITHS was neither able to overcome its rivalry with the APSC, nor to revive Shia enthusiasm for communal goals. When S.H.O Nasrullah going to SHAHEED, IMAM BARGAH BABUL HAWAiJ worshiper or follower of Seraiki Shia community intervene specially women's who belongs to famous Seraiki Shia ZAKIR of KOTT ADDU, Mr. Ahmed Bux Bhatti (Late) and ZAKIR Qasir Abbas Bhatti, S.H.O don't listen to them even beaten women with baton charge and arrested 4 Seraiki . The share of the Imam (sahm-i imm), i.e. Updated on October 28th, 2022 at 01:41 pm. Apparently those preachers and zkirs who propagated exaggerated notions about the ahl al-bait had also a large share in widening the gulf between Shias and Sunnis in Pakistan. The 1953 All-Pakistan Shia Convention had been held at the same premises, see section 3.2, pp. See references in Naqvi, Bibliography, Vol. Experience has shown that this method has not done harm to the unity of Muslims, but has rather been useful for it. On some early preachers of Shaikhiya doctrines in British India see Naqvi, Controversy, pp. But even the Law Minister Ghulam Nabi Memon had then hinted at possible contradiction of the law with Shia personal law and asked the Shia ulam for a written comment (Razkr 27/21:3; 27/22:3). But Sunnis will never have the right to oblige Shias to have the same belief about the first three Caliphs as the Sunnis themselves have just as the Shias would have no right to demand from Sunnis to acknowledge the Imams of the ahl-i bait as masm and as their religious leaders 115Close, The ITHS was allowed to hold an oratory meeting in Lahore (Karbal-i Gme Shh) to protest the Muharram events only more than four months later (18 October 1963).116Close By that time, preparations to organise an alternative platform for the defence of Shia rights had already reached their final stage in Karachi.117Close In December 1963 the Inquiry Committee published excerpts of its report on Lahore; (other parts were withheld in order not to obstruct the ongoing efforts for reconciliation).118Close It mentioned propaganda and counter-propaganda which had stirred up sectarian tensions during the last years, but refrained from putting the blame on the TAS or on any specific individuals. Most of them have become qasda-khwnn137Close for notables and powerful people. Not surprisingly, Dhakkos diatribes met with resistance from those concerned. It did not take long until he was even accused of preaching Wahhabi doctrines. In February 1960 elections for 80,000 so-called Basic Democrats, each representing from 800 to 1,500 citizens, took place, which then elected Ayub Khan President of Pakistan for a five-year term.37Close Immediately thereafter, the President appointed a commission to submit constitutional proposals in the form of a report.38Close Starting its work in April 1960, it distributed some 28,000 copies of a detailed questionnaire in English, Urdu and Bengali language to various organisations and prominent members of the public, upon which a total number of 6,269 replies were received and studied, in addition to personal interviews conducted by the members of the commission all over Pakistan.39Close On 56 May 1960, a meeting of forty Sunni ulam at the Jmiat Ashrafya Lahore discussed the questionnaire and formulated its answers.40Close Although those recommendations containing blatant anti-Shia bias did not influence the later constitution in any way, they indicate how little attitudes had changed since the imposition of martial law (excerpts): The official state religion of Pakistan is Islam according to the way of the ahl-i sunnat wal-jamat, and its head of state has to be an orthodox (sahh ul-aqda) Muslim. From 1964 to 1970 he was Chairman of the CII; see Rh, Tazkira-yi ulam-i Panjb, Vol. Nawsib (sg. Zulfiqar Ali Qizilbash (191190), however, was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the Convention Muslim League allied to Ayub Khan in 1962,13Close and Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan found more time to occupy himself with Shia communal affairs. Most of them are related to his retrogressive, chauvinistic and inflammatory statements on Osama-bin-Laden, Muslims and terrorism, ban on propagation of all other religions except Islam, sex slavery, laws of apostasy in Islam, child marriage, destruction of cultural and religious . Protocol in Razkr 30/78:1+8 (1624 February 1967). He later set up a trust for Shia religious publications. According to him, life does not mean striving and efforts, but inactivity, calm, safety, comfort, personal interest, prestige and respect. A country-wide campaign for safeguarding Shia fiqh and rights in the auqf according to the four [canonical] books142Close is out of their reach. The memorandum contained the following admonition: It is a need of the time that you intervene personally and confirm without further delay that we are entitled to our guaranteed religious freedom and fundamental civil rights according to the constitution which you yourself have promulgated, and the enforcement of which is your responsibility as the Head of State.193Close, Ayub Khan, who was at that time approaching the final stage of his contest for re-election as President against Fatima Jinnah,194Close replied in a conciliatory vein: since his government wished the well-being of the entire people without discrimination and fully supported religious freedom, he regretted that some complaints remained from the side of the Shias. There are also significant numbers of Shii Muslims. On Karim Bakhsh Haidari see also section 3.4, pp. The Jmiat ul-Muntazar Trust was founded in 1966. He is the founder of Idara-tul-Mustafa. S. Mubarak Ali Shah (190075), a landlord and descendant of Shah Jiwna (Jhang District), was one of the few former Shia deputies and ministers who had frequently spoken out on Shia interests and demands.64Close He would later become a loyal supporter of S. Muhammad Dihlavi,65Close whereas Shamsi, who was formally elected Secretary-General of the ITHS at the April 1961 convention,66Close already in that year criticised initiatives to found a new organisation to replace both the ITHS and APSC.67Close At a session of the ITHS Council in October 1962 he submitted his resignation due to chronic illness and too much private occupation but was urged by all Council members to stay in his post.68Close Apparently he had been against the 1964 Karachi ulam convention and the new leadership role of S. Muhammad Dihlavi from the start, although he came out openly in opposition to him only two years thereafter.69Close. 1, tabled by Najm ul-Hasan Kararvi, called on all Shia ulam not to participate in working out any syllabus that would not provide for separate dnyt for Shia pupils. If the peculiar ceremonies of each sect would remain confined to their special places of worship or to the private houses of its followers, then the strife between two sects which we witness every year in different forms would disappear forever , We are noticing that Shia tazya-dr and their special sectarian mtam juls in our areas and quarters and in front of our youth are influencing their beliefs in an unconscious way, and those of our people and school children who are ignorant about their mazhab are accepting it as part of their belief. Muzaffar Ali Shamsi had only increased his isolation when trying to belittle that convention in his weekly Shahd.340Close Thereafter the ITHS Chairman Mubarak Ali Shah wanted to discuss the statements of his Secretary-General at a meeting of the ITHS Council. He argued that this religious taxtheoretically one fifth of the net annual savings of the Shia believers217Closecould only be spent for the support of needy sayyids.218Close But this had never been the case in Shia religious practice anywhere. 12324; 5.5, pp. Shaiq Ambalvi, for his part, had written in a derogatory way about Dihlavis movement in Asad in early June; see Razkr 30/23:3 (16 June 1967). The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims. 18995; Pirzada, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, p. 9. The example of Aligarh (see sections 1.2, p. 18; 2.1, p. 33) has been brought forward on countless occasions to argue for separate Shia dnyt. Translated from Razkr 29/3435:2 (18 September 1966). Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.scribd.com/document/391093948/Quran-Ul-Mubeen-by-Syed-Imdad-Hussain-Kazmi), International rankings of Iran in science and technology, "The rhetorical term tawsih and its relation to the art of the muwassah /", "Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ): In memoriam: Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri - 1900?-1997 - Arab poet - Obituary", https://hamariweb.com/profiles//profiles/syed-zafar-abbas-jafri_92, https://mrwow.com.pk/biography/syed-zafar-abbas-jafri/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Shia_Muslims&oldid=1152638188, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing cleanup from November 2010, Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from November 2010, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from November 2010, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Melika Salihbegovi - Bosnian writer and intellectual. One repeated the known hard-line positions against azdr,372Close another emphasised the need of including the life of the sahba in the dnyt syllabus, although hinting at the possibility to make it non-compulsory for Shias to attend. Dubbing Dhakko and his supporters as Wahhabi Shias was a gross overreaction, but it was in line with other attempts to safeguard Shia religious identity in Pakistan at all cost. actress. Separate administration of Shia auqf was rejected on the ground that all kinds of separate arrangements for them would be a grave danger for the integrity of the country.373Close, In the same month, however, Mufti Muhammad Shafi came out with a public statement in favour of separate dnyt, which was thereafter frequently referred to in the Shia press. On 10 March that year (21 Ramadan 1380H, death anniversary of the Imam Ali) there were attacks on Shia processions in Karachi (Razkr 24/11:3; 24/12:7). Three years later, commenting on the ulam convention which was to be held in Karachi within some days (see below), the same author had become even more critical of the Shia ulam. He had further promised that there would be no general ban on azdr processions, but it was up to the local authorities to decide about provisions for public security wherever licences would be applied for.188Close. the Shias must not invite such ulam and zkirs to their majlis and mahfil who oppose the [three] demands or do not support them or declare their neutrality 331Close, Other resolutions concerned some specific demands and complaints from the authorities.332Close The call for immediate acceptance of the three demands (Resolution No. In the meantime an internal Shia conflict started between the professional preachers (Zakirs), who dominated the religious lives of the common believers, and some zealous religious scholars (Ulama), who accused the greedy Zakirs of distorting Shia beliefs with self-fabricated stories and superstitions. [Their] leadership of the qaum: abolished; representing the qaum: nonexistent; progress of religious knowledge: finished; work for reform and organisation together with preaching: zero; [they are] staying away from efforts for the Shia demands. According to Murtaza Pooya, only among the Khoja Twelver Shia community of Karachi (and Khoja migrants to Africa) this obligation has been observed fairly faithfully (, Interview with the author, 13 November 2000, Authors interview with Nusrat Ali Shahani (Lahore 21 January 2001), Interview with S. Iqbal Husain Kermani, Lahore 31 January 2001, Literally exaggeration, a terminus in Shiism for excessive veneration of the Imams; see, For a discussion of the above-mentioned questions of Shia doctrine and religious practice in Pakistan see, The founder of the Shaikhiya school of thought in Shiism (17531826); see, Maulana Kausar Niyazi (193494) was the pen-name of Hayat Khan, a long-time member of the JI and editor of the weeklies, The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority, Sayyid Muhammad Dihlavi and his new Shia movement, Conflicts between orthodox ulam and popular preachers, Towards official acceptance of Shia demands, The Musharraf and Zardari Eras, 20002013, Archaeological Methodology and Techniques, Browse content in Language Teaching and Learning, Literary Studies (African American Literature), Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers), Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature), Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques, Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge, Browse content in Company and Commercial Law, Browse content in Constitutional and Administrative Law, Private International Law and Conflict of Laws, Browse content in Legal System and Practice, Browse content in Allied Health Professions, Browse content in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Browse content in Public Health and Epidemiology, Browse content in Science and Mathematics, Study and Communication Skills in Life Sciences, Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry, Browse content in Earth Sciences and Geography, Browse content in Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building, Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology, Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science), Environmentalist and Conservationist Organizations (Environmental Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science), Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science), Natural Disasters (Environmental Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science), Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System, Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction, Psychology Professional Development and Training, Browse content in Business and Management, Information and Communication Technologies, Browse content in Criminology and Criminal Justice, International and Comparative Criminology, Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics, Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs, Conservation of the Environment (Social Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Social Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science), Browse content in Interdisciplinary Studies, Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences, Browse content in Regional and Area Studies, Browse content in Research and Information, Developmental and Physical Disabilities Social Work, Human Behaviour and the Social Environment, International and Global Issues in Social Work, Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190240967.001.0001, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190240967.003.0004, Malik, Legitimizing IslamizationThe Case of the Council of Islamic Ideology in Pakistan, pp. But without giving any reason, Muzaffar Ali Shamsi was included among the five invited Shias instead of Mubarak Ali Shah, provoking a boycott of the meeting by the other four.211Close During the last months of 1965 the movement of S. Muhammad Dihlavi reached a low point, not only because of the war and its aftermath, but also due to increasing Shia infighting. Ibid. It would reach a climax in the early 1970s, when some prominent ulam became more or less openly affiliated to the Shaikhiya school of thought.300Close Although the latter would then lose ground among the Shia awm, the orthodox ulam have not been able to overcome the hegemony of the zkirs and popular preachers until present times. Naseem Abbas (Pakistan) 6. Ibid. Once more the acceptance of Shia demands was promised within a short time, and once more Dihlavi proved his desire to avoid violence at all cost. In 1945 he was among those founding members of the JUI who supported the Muslim League. #28. They have become obliged to think that their life, property and religious slogans and ceremonies are no longer safe in this country , It can never happen that a minority sect will give up its old religious beliefs and ceremonies on the orders of the majority sect. The advocate Shaikh Muhammad Abd ul-Aziz Akhtar from Rahimyar Khan had prepared draft statutes for all SMCs, and a twenty-four-member commission headed by S. Ali Husain Shah Gardezi was formed to revise them.325Close Three subcommittees to deal with the three demands were also formed, headed by Najm ul-Hasan Kararvi (dnyt), S. Israr Husain (auqf) and S. Ali Shah Bukhari (azdr).326Close S. Muhammad Dihlavi himself chaired a fourteen-member liaison committee for contacting government officials that notably excluded Nawab Qizilbash.327Close A five-member commission was also formed for managing the finances of the central SMC.328Close Twelve resolutions were passed at the Multan Convention; Resolution No. Protocols and commentary in Razkr 27/2728:3+5; 27/29:78 (116 September 1964). Two key resolutions of the April 1961 convention had announced the foundation of a Shia daily newspaper and of a Shia ltd. Company engaged in industrial activities in order to provide more qualified employment for the youth, but these projects never took off.70Close The third key resolution was the decision to build a new Shia Hostel in Lahore, which would take another eleven years to be implemented.71Close The only noteworthy initiative launched by the ITHS in the following two years was a convention on 20 January 1963 chaired by Mufti Jafar Husain, which was devoted to the issue of a separate Shia syllabus for dnyt.72Close It revived the same demands that had already been made with little success in the early 1950s, but three months later not even a projected Working Committee had been elected because of jealousies from the side of the APSC.73Close Soon after, the 1963 Muharram violence and its sequels would overshadow everything else for the Shia organisations. Shias of Multan city and its suburb Shia Miyani had held Friday congregational prayers in turns at both places since 1955, but after a quarrel between locals and muhjirs in 1962 the latter had termed the prayers in Shia Miyani as invalid (btil). The income of a waqf can only be used according to its purpose173Close How is that to be achieved? Pakistani Model and Actress Zara Sheikh was born in Lahore, Pakistan on 7 th May 1978.. Zara Sheikh is a famous Pakistani Model, Actress, and a Singer. Those who worried about the unity of the Shias and the reputation of the ulam tried their best to contain the affair. In Sadda (Kurram Agency) fire was opened on a Muharram procession in 1961, leading to fighting that spread to other villages (Bangash, Political and Administrative Development, p. 184). Sitting by his grave, she tells the story of the day she lost her brother in the attack, a sequence of bomb blasts which killed at least 45 . Mahmoud al-Sarkhi (born 1964) Mohammad al-Sadr (1943-1999) Mohammad al-Shirazi (1928-2001) Mohammad Ali Tabatabaei Hassani (1945-2017) Mohammad Hussaini Shahroudi (1925-2019) Mohammed Ridha al-Shirazi (1959-2008) Mohammad Taher Khaqani (born 1940) Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (born 1945) Mohammad Yaqoobi (born 1960) Morteza Hosseini Fayaz (1929-2014) See below and Fn 181. See Razkr 24/1415:8 (816 April 1961) and section 4.3, pp. Great [Shia] people! There were a number of other changes affecting the Shias. He professed sympathy for the Shia demands and his readiness to solve their problems but maintained that, rather than issuing a decree, it would be better to form a joint commission of some members of the government and delegates named by Dihlavi to find a consensual solution.195Close, On the following day, Naw-i Waqt and some other newspapers reported that the leader of the Shias had proclaimed political support for Ayub Khan.