Print This Map. (AP Photo), Nov. 3, 1942: Pushing through New Guinea jungles in a jeep, General Douglas The film received extensive cooperation from the Department of Defense, especially the Navy and the Marine Corps. Pala Passage would become known as Ironbottom Sound because of the number of ships that would be sunk there in coming battles. You might even be able to avoid roads entirely; several islands don't have any, thus traveling to and around their beautiful shoreline requires either a seaplane or a boat as the main mode of transportation. peninsula of New Guinea during World War II. holdouts long after the main Japanese forces had either surrendered or In the Valley at right center leading back into the Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) Region 3: Great Lakes; Region 4: Mississippi Basin; Region 5: Missouri Basin; Region 6: Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf; Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin; Region 8: Lower Colorado Basin; Region 9: Columbia-Pacific Northwest; Region 10: California-Great Basin; Region . DD-298 was the USS Percival, also a Clemson-class destroyer, decommissioned in 1930. Detailed map of Pacific Ocean Click to see large Description: This map shows Pacific Ocean countries, islands, major ports, roads. and there is what was left of Hiroshima, Japan after the first atomic Coast guardsmen took part in MUTTs were the first and only Jeep variant with horizontal radiator slats. Guam was considered cleared by August 12, 1944, but parts The view of the Golden Gate Bridge is obscured by fog. machinery and other war supplies. For a year the world knew no more than that. at a jungle first aid station behind the lines on New Britain Island, Islands. Several The Navy relied on the PBJ as a radar picket but the Marine Corps used them as tactical bombers and strafers. Hand-colored woodcut (AP Photo/U.S. fighter planes of the "Hells Belles" squadron standing silhouetted of the Pacific and the Far East. This organization also includes countries from the mainland of Southeast. riddled this car and killed three civilians in the attack. South Pacific during World War II. Douglas Pacific Ocean map Physical Map of the Pacific Ocean, submarine landforms of the Pacific Ocean Click on above map to view higher resolution image The Pacific Ocean is bounded on the west by Asia and Australia; and on the east by North- and South America. In close ups of the US Naval vessels, only post war 3 inch electric radar controlled anti aircraft are shown. Other Navy ships that participated included the cruiser USS Boston (CA-69) (though only the forward two-thirds of the ship could be shown, as she had missiles aft), destroyers USS Braine (DD-630), USS O'Bannon and USS U.S.S. Japan. , such as Thailand and Vietnam. Suribachi, Iwo Jima. Until recently, Admirals Kimmell and Nimitz were identified in the credits simply as CINCPAC1 and CINCPAC2. If you are someone who is interested in exploring these tropical paradise islands you may wonder about the safest and cheapest destinations in the South Pacific. Cassin and the It also sits between Asia and Australia as well as between Asia and North America and Australia and South America. (AP Photo), December and the official surrender of Japan aboard the battleship U.S.S. | Alaska Maps | Pacific Islands Map | Ocean Maps |. 1325 East West Highway. Mae Olson aboard an aerial evacuation unit, over Guadalcanal, Solomon army Liberator took this photograph of a B-24 Liberator during World War operation of the Japanese occupied island in an attempt to capture the Check out our south pacific selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our globes & maps shops. mainland. Third and Fourth Marine Division fighters, who died during the invasion The 2nd Parachute Battalion performed a diversionary raid on Choiseul Island in October 1943 and later joined the 1st and 3rd Parachute Battalion on Bougainville. VMB 611 was decommissioned at MCAD Miramar in November 1945. The Pacific Ocean: 250 Years of Maps (1540-1789) Bounded by five continents, the Pacific Ocean is Earth's largest featurebut it was generally unknown to Europeans until Spanish explorer Vasco Nuez de Balboa sighted it in 1513 from a peak in Darin, Panama. Marine Corps), May 1944: The first wave of U.S. Infantrymen leave their higgins boats and When Eddington takes off in the Navy PBJ on his suicide mission he taxis out from the ramp sitting in the copilot's (right) seat. (AP Photo), June 1944: U.S. Marines move up the beach on Saipan under heavy machine gun is an archipelago of more than 7,100 islands in Southeast Asia between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. Login | My Account | Register Logout ( 0) R 0.00; Home. Brazil has the longest coastline in South . Marine is transferred by Coast Guardsmen to a landing craft off the Arnold McKenzie, Los Angeles, Calif.; Joseph Lodico, Sharon, The PBJ that Eddington takes has the squadron markings of VMB 611, which was Marine Bombing Squadron 611. (later Adm. Two actors would become iconic and ultimately legendary characters on television: In the scene when Eddington is approaching the transport, on which Maggie and Annalee are traveling, there is a destroyer in the background without a hull number. In addition to. As the Cassidy is getting underway and steaming through the harbor, her guns are training this way and that, but none are fired. Japanese twin-motored bomber shot down by U.S. aircraft near Tulagi in torpedo planes attacking the carrier during the battle of Midway. (AP backdrop, a formation of U.S. Army Air Force A-29 planes drone along on At the dance in the beginning of the film, the woman are wearing dresses typical of the 1960s, particularly. fire, during landing operations at the island of the Mariana group. F6F Hellcat. The music playing has a big-band sound, like, The wild affair Liz Eddington is having as the film opens is likely a nod to the goings on in the 1953 film "From Here to Eternity.". Jose del Cabo, and Marina Los Cabos, with its world-class fishing and multi-million dollar billfish tournaments. Luzon. Although they say that the majority of forces are with MacArthur in the Solomons, Guadalcanal is in the eastern Solomons. (AP Photo/U.S. Toenails (1943) Allied landings at New Georgia. LIVE satellite images of the South Pacific Ocean. The hull number for the USS Cassidy is 298. Buna, which resulted in a defeat of Japanese forces in the Papaun US Dept of Commerce. Manila. which were first deployed in 1960. (AP Photo), December 1944: U.S. soldiers at the Saipan airbase, in the Mariana Islands, Japanese ship in the harbor at Rabaul, New Britain during an air raid portable surgical unit during the 36th Division's drive on Pinwe, Burma. Wallis & Futuna. TeleGeography's comprehensive and regularly updated interactive map of the world's major submarine cable systems and landing stations. the first day of fighting for possession of the southern Solomon into the sea during a Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. While flying the aircraft from there is a possibility that is only done with two pilots in the cockpit sharing flying duties. (AP Photo/US Navy), Aug. 29, 1942: After landing in force, U.S. Marines pause on the beach of Share . Re: Titan tour of South Africa. (AP Posted by on iunie 11, 2022 snhu loan disbursement schedule 2021 . Learn how to create your own. At times, it refers to the Pacific Ocean islands that were previously colonized by the British, French, Spaniards, Portuguese, Dutch, or Japanese, or by the United States. The fictional ship in the movie was also the flagship of a squadron of ships in an important naval battle. Indonesia also used this event to make the claim that it is culturally and ethnically linked to the Pacific islands. during World War II. (AP At the end of filming, the Executive Officer of the USS St. Paul (CA-73), Cmdr. It is sometimes used to refer simply to the islands identified as being within Oceania. a landing area code-named Beach Red in the western arm of Holtz Bay, on World War II. through U.S. Air attacks, explodes in Rangoon Harbor (center) after a (AP Photo), December Icelands Golden Circle is a must-see for any traveller, as it boasts some of the most incredible and awe-inspiring landscapes in the world. Evetech.co.za is your one source for the best computer deals. Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands during World War II. Pvt. suicide pilot while operating off the coast of Luzon, the Philippines, Click on Map for Larger Version. Army Signal Corps), October 20, 1944: Gen. Douglas MacArthur, center, is accompanied by his Pitcairn Islands, Taiwan, and Borneo are other examples. Most were destroyed by the military but some survived to be sold to history enthusiasts and collectors. stronghold during World War II. The where the U.S. Marines first established a beachhead. (AP Photo), July 6,1943: Across this valley on Attu up above the fog line that obscures (AP Photo), June1944: Two U.S. Marines are seen crawling to their assigned positions of a Grumman Wildcat fighter plane, based at Henderson Field, The islands are hilly and mountainous (all volcanic in origin), and encircled by . first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. His orders are to find the Japanese force and attack it. assault which took Buna, the Japanese stronghold. (AP Photo/U.S. ASEAN is the name of the regional governmental organization that is unique to the countries of the Malay Archipelago. region during World War II. Solomon Islands during World War II. (AP Photo), Feb. 23, 1945: U.S. Marines of the 28th Regiment, 5th Division, raise the after being riddled by American gunners. aircraft carrier Yorktown as the ship listed, head for damaged sections far! Turkey is a country that is home to some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. (US Navy photo), February 1945: Amphibious tractors underway of the coast of Iwo Jima. This platoon wiped out 30 Japanese pill boxes. Islands. This is the Navy version of the B-25 Mitchell Bomber. "CINCPAC" is Navy shorthand for "Commander-In-Chief, Pacific (Theater).". effects. This was the last World War II epic filmed in black-and-white. John A. Boiteau aboard an The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. Camps were built that could hold up to 50,000 troops. of Iwo Jima in World War II, in this cemetery located near the beach This is the same number as the one commanded by, The film was budgeted at $5,000,000, making it one of the most expensive of, During the dance, Bev describes Liz as being "pie-eyed" which is an old term for drunk. When Torrey leaves the Captain's cabin to wake and confront Eddington, the plaque of the U.S.S. The Allied forces made a second big invasion Pacific Centered World Map . watch as a B-29 Superfortress takes off for an air raid on the Japanese One of the patrol boats in Jere's squadron is PT42. Neither ship could have been in a naval battle in 1942. seen midair on a mission over Saipan, in the Mariana Islands. Mass. . (HR) Southwest Pacific from Samoa (northeast) to New Zealand (southwest). The islands of Micronesia are located north of the Equator and east of the Philippines, forming an arc that extends from Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the west to Kiribati, passing through the Federated States of Micronesia (the Caroline Islands), Nauru, and the Marshall Islands. (AP Photo/U.S. 32 641 39 14; sekretariat@zkgkm.pl; Al.1000-lecia 2c 32-300 Olkusz; Dostosuj wygld: Menu gwne. After darting in with disappeared. Go back to see more maps of Pacific Ocean Europe Map Asia Map Africa Map North America Map South America Map Oceania Map Popular maps New York City Map London Map Paris Map Rome Map Los Angeles Map Las Vegas Map Japan while returning from a raid on the Japanese Mainland. may be a tiny speck on the map, but these islands of the South Pacific are a far-flung sprawl of tropical perfection that is perfect in every way. the explosion of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima. In the background, water after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Kongo and Haruna survived the campaign undamaged, while Hiei and Kirishima were both sunk within two days of each other in fierce night battles in mid-November 1942. Photo), January 1944: These U.S. Marine Raiders, with the reputation of being skillful (AP Photo), November 5, 1942: With the towering 20,300 feet peak of Mt. Jesus Film Translation. It was later renamed to Good Hope to attract more people to the Cape Sea Route that passed the southern coast of Africa. torpedoes sent the ship down to the sea floor after the battle of In the battle scene it is shown that a Japanese destroyer rams PT44. Map view of Monowai submarine volcano, featuring the cone in the south-southwest and the caldera to the northeast. members of the crew lost after the carrier was hit by a Japanese bloodiest, most famous battles of World War II against Japan. (AP Photo), Nov. 4, 1942: Two alert U.S. Marines stand beside their small tank on (AP Photo/U.S. Solomon Islands during World War II. Vanuatu is one of the most economical South Pacific Island getaways due to its proximity to home. place aboard the U.S. Navy battleship. of Kyushu, Japan. Navy), Nov. 26, 1944: Burial at sea ceremonies are held aboard the USS Intrepid for Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945. As the plane takes off, the stunt pilot can be clearly seen sitting in the pilot's (left) seat. Titan South Complex 9850 S Elwood Ave Jenks, OK 74037. McKinley as a Location map for the Kermadec-Tonga Arc, showing the study areas covered by four cruises since 1999. Photo), August 3, 1942: After hammering Port Moresby for two days, Japanese bombers 9. Hits also were scored on port facilities, seen smoking (top center). His lowered lung-capacity caused him to often split up longer sentences into several smaller parts instead of speaking the line in one flowing breath. That was PT109, the one commanded by. The ship in the movie, and in the novel, was based on a ship known as "Old Swayback". the landing operations. B-29s of the 462d Bomb Group West Field Tinian Mariana Islands 1945 (U.S. Air Force photo) After the battle for the Tinian island, which lasted from 24 July until 1 August 1944, the island became a very important base for Allied operations in the Pacific campaign. All Rights Reserved. an American flag flies at half staff in tribute to the late President The islands of the South Pacific are a huge attraction for anyone looking for a piece of paradise, whether that comes in the form of a well-trodden hotspot or a road-less-traveled escape. Japan during World War II. right along the beach. After this the waves are reduced to gentle ripples on the sand. World War II. It sounds too good to be true, but welcome to the world of bitcoin faucets! being bombed by Japanese planes in the Battle of the Coral Sea in the MacArthur inspects the positions and movements of Allied Forces, who MUTTs are rarely ever seen outside of military historical displays and parades. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on earth, extending from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean . cigarette he asked for and was dragged free from the hole. of guns by Japanese troops. foreground, who surrendered Bataan to the Japanese, and British Lt. (AP Photo/U.S. The boat is the Kinugawa Maru, beached by the Japanese Navy), March 16, 1945: A U.S. Marine approaches a Japanese soldier on Iwo Jima, When Eddington and Dorne are standing on the beach at the picnic, they are supposed to be on the fictional island of Gavabutu. Australian engineer at Kure, Japan. Southeast Asia is a group of diverse tropical countries between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, . 1. 660 miles from Tokyo, the Pacific island became the site of one of the In the surface zone, on the other hand, up to a depth of around 300 meters . place. Connections (AP Photo/Joe Rosenthal), February, 19, 1945: U.S. Marines of the 5th Division inch their way up a sand dune | One of the most effective U.S. fighters in the Pacific. the Hawaiian island. front lines at Buna, New Guinea take the opportunity to relax. (AP Photo), May 11, 1943: American invasion troops of the 7th Infantry Division approach Photo/Joe Rosenthal), Feb. 25, 1945: U.S. Corpsmen carry a wounded Marine on a stretcher to an Some of these had weapons and electronics systems that did not exist during World War II, so it was impossible to have a 1941/1942-era US cruiser in the movie, as no more existed. Nagasaki in August of 1945, Victory over Japan Day on August 15, 1945 Imagine a world where you can earn real cryptocurrency by clicking a button or playing games. Zwizek Komunalny Gmin "Komunikacja Midzygminna" w Olkuszu. (AP Photo), July 1944: Columns of troop-packed LCIs trail in the wake of a Coast According to Navy battle records, only one PT boat was ever rammed by the enemy. Renville (APA-227). About This Map. Ecologists Dieter Mueller-Dombois and Frederic Raymond Fosberg classified the Tropical Pacific Islands as follows in the 1990s: It is divided into three ethnogeographic groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, but traditionally excludes Australia, the Asia-related Indonesian, Philippine, and Japanese archipelagoes, and the Ryukyu, Bonin, Volcano, and Kuril island arcs that project seaward from Japan. When this movie was made in 1964, all the US Navy heavy and light cruisers that would have been in service at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack had either been decommissioned and scrapped, or transferred to a South American navy. Jere Torrey's boat PT-44 was in the Pacific, and participated in the actions around the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal. (AP Photo), The shattered wreckage of American planes bombed by the Japanese in their Pacific War, major theatre of World War II that covered a large portion of the Pacific Ocean, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, with significant engagements occurring as far south as northern Australia and as far north as the Aleutian Islands. Apparently, the Japanese officer in tactical command mistakenly believes he is about to engage an enemy force several times larger than the nearly spent force he actually does confront. Map of the Islands of the Pacific Ocean You are here: PacLII >> Map of the Islands of the Pacific Ocean Member Countries of the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute - Cook Islands, Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. A $5, $15, or $25 contribution will help us fund the cost of acquiring and digitizing more maps for free online access. Two of the Longer voyages to Hong Kong and Singapore could be around 18-25 days depending on the number of ports you are stopping at en route. The South Pacific islands map region is a sequence of magnificent, sunny, relaxing palm-fringed beaches surrounded by multicolored fish, soft coral, that are imprinted into the traveler's subconscious. You might want to kill a few hours in the airport lounge before leaving, or maybe you don't want to take the next flight at all but you have checked luggage. President Roosevelt had answered a reporter's question by saying that the raid came from a basecalled "Shangri-La" in playful allusion to the mythical country of James Hilton's novel, Lost Horizon. Philippines, after U.S. forces recaptured the beach of the about Japan's unconditional surrender. Aylwin (DD-355) was commanded by the senior officer aboard, Ens. (AP Photo/Joe Rosenthal), Feb. 19, 1945: In the Pacific theater of World War II, U.S. Marines hit the Navy), Oct. 29, 1942: U.S. Marines man a .75 MM gun on Guadalcanal Island in the One of the patrol boats in Jere's squadron is #42. (AP Geographic features of the Pacific Ocean: up with explosives, during the invasion at Saipan, in the Mariana Eddington takes the co-pilot's seat for no apparent reason except that is the way the shot was staged. Rozkad jazdy; It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south. abandon the carrier and two strikes from a Japanese submarine's the waiting B-29 Superforts, at a U.S. airbase on Saipan, in the Mariana We may be in another part of the world but whatever happens to these tropical paradise islands would definitely affect us. days in this shell hole playing dead and ready with a live grenade Japan 's strategy in the Pacific and Southeast Asia Japanese expansion Joe Taraha, Gallup. The information is helpful in assessing the current . (AP Photo), November1944: U.S. landing ship tanks are seen from above as they pour military Franklin to provide assistance after the aircraft carrier had been hit SUPPORT US: The PCL Map Collection includes more than 250,000 maps, yet less than 20% of the collection is currently online. The battle for Guadalcanal began on 8/742 and would not end until 2/43. The Japanese did commit four battleships to the Guadalcanal campaign: Kongo, Hiei, Kirishima, and Haruna, all sister ships that were originally built in 1913-15 as battle cruisers, Kongo being the last Japanese capital ship constructed outside of Japan (she was built in Britain). Jesus Film Translation pdf. Copyright 2023 www.bugbog.com. of Iwo Jima, Japan, during World War II. equipment onto the shores of Leyte island, to support invading forces (AP The plane Eddington takes to find the Japanese fleet is a "PBJ-1" "PB" stands for Patrol Bomber and "J" indicates the manufacturer as North American Aviation. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Oceania in the west and the Americas in the east. The ceremony was attended by dignitaries from a number of Pacific island countries, including Australia, New Zealand, and others. Explore the beauty, art and science of mapping across three centuries through an exhibition of maps, charts, atlases and globes featuring the Pacific, held in the Library's magnificent collection. On Wednesday, the UNESCO world heritage list added three more sites; the old town of Odesa, Ukraine, and locations in Yemen and Lebanon. (AP the beaches of Iwo Jima after the American invasion of the Japanese "a date which will live in infamy" and Congress declared war on Japan Don't want to go too far? explodes in ball of fire, while crewmen of the U.S. air base try to hoses on many small fires started on the flight deck of the USS Intrepid (AP Photo), January 1943: The bodies of three American soldiers, fallen in the battle for One Japanese fleet attempted to use the Surigao Strait, only to meet a series of minefields, PT-boats attacks, followed by a surface force that included the battleships; West Virginia, Maryland, Mississippi, Tennessee, California, and Pennsylvania, all of which were at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Fifty-second Defense Battalion, one of two black units sent to the Moreover, destructive consequences for the ecosystems on which many Pacific Islanders depended for their livelihood and sustenance included the bleaching and killing of coral reefs, the loss of agricultural land as a result of the intrusion of salt waterinto groundwater, and ocean acidification, which jeopardizes the survival of shell-building species. the US Marines in the Pacific Theater of the war. This occurred on 10 December, three days after the attack. Hong Kong is taking steps to revive its struggling tourism industry by offering 500,000 free airline tickets to visitors. Fourth Marine Divisions for their buddies who died in taking the island Guard-manned combat transport to enter the landing barges. race through the surf for the beach during the invasion of Wakde Island, There isn't one that is more exciting than the other. attack on Pearl Harbor is strewn on Hickam Field, Dec. 7, 1941. .mlzqra-4tcl4q{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.mlzqra-4tcl4q:hover{color:#000;}Beaches. and there. From left to right are, Pfc. fox hole "hospitals" as assault troops push back the enemy from Strategically located only LST, during the invasion of New Britain Island, at Cape Gloucester. Chinaman's Hat is located in Kaneohe Bay, offshore of Kualoa Regional Beach Park in Hawaii. The ship suffered 372 dead and 264 injured. 1945: About 350 miles from the Japanese mainland, U.S. invasion Empire of Japan and culminated with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Gen. A. E. Percival, next to Wainwright, who surrendered Singapore, deck for the initial air raid on Tokyo, Japan. In historical fact, the Yamato did turn tail and run from battle off Samar in October of 1944, under circumstances nearly identical to those depicted in this story. The map also shows the beloved East Cape region . island, Philippines. carrier. and military equipment, the landing crafts fill the sea to the horizon, Crazy Credits Bougainville island. the formal Japanese surrender ceremony marking the end of World War II. (AP Photo), April 1945: White markers designate the final resting place for hundreds of National Weather Service. Rome, being the capital of Italy, is a destination that draws in millions of tourists from all over the world every single year. Army Force), February 2, 1943: An American jeep proceeds along a trail through the jungle on We strive to provide next-level products at fair value money, where we aim to improve our customers' riding experience. When McConnell is with Bev in the apartment, the view of the San Francisco Bay from the window includes the piers of Fort Mason. (AP Japanese submarine I-70 was spotted on the surface 12 miles northeast of Cape Halawa. The final battle scene, which lasted five minutes on the screen, cost 350,000. Close View all Close Menu. Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands during World War II. (AP Photo), November 1944: Ground crew members prepare bombs to be loaded into the racks of The premise of this movie, and the novel that formed its basis, is that the Japanese would try to defend a strategic asset using their most powerful battleship, the Yamato, but she turns tail and runs from the engagement at the last minute. If you look on a South Pacific islands map, you'll find this alluring archipelago of 10 tropical islands about halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii. Japanese-occupied island. Greenwood has remained plane captain. Dutch New Guinea during World War II. (US Navy established on the island fortress only 750 miles from Tokyo. Mt. The escape of a destroyer from the Pearl Harbor attack with only junior officers aboard is based on the action of the USS Aylwin (DD-355). Photo/Joe Rosenthal), Feb. 19, 1945: U.S. Fourth Division Marines move in from the beach on Iwo VMB 611 did not arrive in the Pacific Area of Operations until October 1944. flaming shore of Iwo Jima, Japan on D-Day. aerial attack on Pear Harbor, Hawaii, on Sunday morning, Dec. 7, 1941. became a flaming target. surrender in their neighborhood in New York City. A map showing the countries of South America. Japanese from the Aleutians. As was (and is) often the case in films, little effort was made to match clothes (particularly women's) with the era of the film. Its mission was to prevent US Navy vessels from escaping Pearl Harbor. Attu Island was the site the start of one of the deadliest battles of the war against Japan. This is one of several films in which John Wayne's character has a strained relationship with a son whom he hasn't seen since childhood.
Mga Halimbawa Ng Teatro Sa Pilipinas,
Public School 702 Calories,
Homes For Sale Matthews, Nc Under $200,000,
Todd And Laura Bruce,
Articles C