He was stocky, his shoulders wide and muscular despite the food shortages. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. She had bright eyes, wild brown hair cut in a bob and parted on the side, and a little gap between her two front teeth that made her look like a chipmunk. Why does the author is italics for the words "their" them" and they". Mahmoud was just starting a new equation when he heard a sound over the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles theme song. Isabel saw how many people were on the beach as they left the villages dirt road and carried the boat across the sand dunes. Pak! Youre bleeding was all he said. She recognized the new policeman. Castros face was everywhere in Cubaon billboards, on taxis, in picture frames on schoolroom walls, painted on the sides of buildings. No boat today. Youre on CNN, a woman said in Spanish, her face nothing but a silhouette against the light. The Hitler Youth led Josef down the narrow corridor of the German passenger car. He wasn't literally invisible. The family leaves, again wandering around to find shelter. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasn't leaving tonight. Most of the farms in Cuba grew only sugarcane. Instant PDF downloads. Teachers and parents! Isabel is deeply tied to her Cuban heritage, particularly through her music. The shock shut Ruth up, but only for a moment. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. View all posts by thescholarlyteacher. A wife! Mahmoud realizes he is finally home. Please! Mahmoud cried. However, Waleed, unable to cope, has just turned into a robot, numb to the pain around him. His fathers shirt was stained at the armpits, and with a quick sniff of his own shirt Mahmoud realized he stank too. Two more soldiers crammed themselves into the backseat, and the last one joined Mahmoud and Waleed in the back with their backpacks. Thank you! Isabel cried. The couple is very kind, welcoming them and sharing their own stories. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Papi! she called. Why dont you two go on up to the promenade, she said softly. Mama just shook her head, her eyes full of worry. Thinking about Klaus made Josef think about other things, but he blinked away the bad memories. The leader of Syria. We can wait our turn. The startled man at the front of the line motioned for them to go ahead, and Josefs mother thanked him. I know a little shack in the cane fields. The fisherman had to take it in trade. We werent together when it started, her grandfather said. They threw Josef and Ruth on the floor once more and flicked on the overhead light. Mahmoud and his family then go to the railway station, where they will spend the night in Germany. A skeleton in a threadbare suit three sizes too big for him. Isabel shook her head. It was the day Josef would leave his childhood behind and become a man, and he could hardly contain his excitement. Shed quit the hospital when Hana was born, but not before the war had begun. His thick brown hair and beard had been shaved off, and his head and face were covered with scraggly stubble. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Mahmoud could hear music beyond the fence. Josef had seen it happen. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. Nobody would tell her anything, and Josef began to despair that he would never see his father again. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Are you all right? Waleed finally looked up at him. Mahmoud caught himself smiling. It all came flooding back to him nowswaying and humming along with the prayers, craning his neck to see the Torah when it was taken out of the ark and hoping to get a chance to touch it and then kiss his fingers as the scroll came around in a procession. This was an era when the Syrian civil war was going on. I want you to go to college first, his mother told him. Papi was going to run away again, and this time, whether he got caught with wet feet or dry They arrive on Lesbos and hunt for Hana, but she is nowhere to be found. Gratz is a decorated author, having won numerous awards and appearing at #1 on the New York Times bestselling author for his books. Oh, thank God youre alive! their mom said. Teachers and parents! Refugee book Mahmoud Bishara character drowning baby saving a life concepts 02 Share "Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. man wouldnt be talking and laughing with him. The guards and officials threaten the refugees, but no one listens. As Mahmoud and his mother let go, Fatima realizes that she has given her baby away and becomes inconsolable. The man behind the steering wheel honked his horn and took the cigar out of his mouth to yell at her. [6], For the 1983 science-fiction novel by Piers Anthony, see, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/refugee/characters/mahmoud-bishara, "That Huge Surprise in His Own Family Genealogy? We didnt want to leave our homes! another man yelled. A crown jewel of the Middle East. Mahmoud didnt like the sound of that, eitherto him, smuggler meant illegal, and illegal meant dangerous. Cuba was a communist country, like Russia had been, and for decades the Soviets had been buying Cubas sugar for eleven times the price and sending the little island food and gasoline and medicine for free. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. How old is Mahmoud Bishara Josef the refugee? Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? I just have to grab a few things. Mom, no! Go, she told Mahmoud, pushing them all toward the door. Tomorrow. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. [4] It is later learned that Josef's father is alive and well in Cuba. A hat to shield his face from the sun. He hurried across the room, his ankles turning painfully on broken bits of wall. After school, Mahmoud, Waleed, and their mother, is gone. After Aleppothe near-constant gunfire and explosions, punctuated by the oppressive quiet of an entire city trying their hardest not to draw attention to themselvesthis place felt alive, even if it was dusty and cramped. Youssef Mahmouds mom warned. They carried everything they owned with them, sometimes in suitcases and duffel bags, but more often stuffed into pillowcases and trash bags. Ivn was a year older than Isabel and lived next door. But now the streets were full of people yelling, Down with Fidel! Their current victim kept batting at his nose like there was a fly on it. It was the one with the red bandanna. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. His mother and father, Fatima and Youssef Bishara decide to leave Syria because the war got too intense and hit them personally. He thrashed in the rubble, panicking. Refugee Character Analysis Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. Josef tiptoed down the corridor. Like this? Mahmoud didnt have any friends. Tomorrow morning well have the sun to guide us. All that matters now is we get as far away from Cuba as we can, said Luiss girlfriend. Havana was rioting, and her father and grandfather were somewhere right in the middle of it. I saw on the TV theyre accepting refugees. Isabels father, Geraldo Fernandez, had always been a handsome man, but he didnt look it now. Halfway to the ground, the building shifted again and the concrete stairs broke away from the wall, leaving a five-centimeter crack. the crossing from Turkey. The boat was heavy in Isabels arms, and she was afraid of dropping it, even though there were five other people carrying it with her. is hit and killed. Do you know what the greatest achievements of the Cuban Revolution are? Isabels father The fear hed felt when they couldnt reach his father. He stepped back and held her at arms length. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. But the only thing that matters to him in this moment is finding. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. However, Hana is lost and nowhere to be found, presumably lost or dead. More importantly, we have our lives. Mahmoud himself deals with the contrast between being visible but liable to get hurt and invisible but unable to receive assistance. But the Nazis had told them to get out of Germany twice now, and the Landau family wasnt going to wait around to see what the Nazis would do next. The man at the concession stand sold newspapers, and Josef took one and put a coin on the counter. Hey, Isabel! Ivn said, making her jump. There wasnt another ship on the horizon as far as he could see. They were all going to Cuba to escape the Nazis, and now that they were finally away from the threats and violence that followed them everywhere in Germany, there was singing and dancing and laughter. Lets go, the boy said, and he marched Josef back through the dining car. No sirens rang. Sweat ran down his back. And dont ever do that again, the Hitler Youth told Josef. Every sailor they met doffed his cap at them, and the steward who showed them to their cabin assured them that they could call upon him for anything they needed while on board. Everyone got quiet as Lito turned up the volume. Could they? Tools to track, assess, and motivate classroom reading. After the week, they return to the mall but two men threaten them and demand an exorbitant amount of money in order to stay. It doesnt matter, he said. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: But what was the right answer? At a command from their leader, they pushed forward into the crowd, arresting rioters and hitting them with wooden batons. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) There werent the required ten men for the servicethere were a hundred men, probably more, all wearing yarmulkes on their heads and white-and-black tallisimprayer shawlsaround their shoulders. Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Josefs family eventually chooses to emigrate by traveling to Cuba aboard the notorious MS St. Louis. Josef was about to leave when he thought to buy Ruthie a piece of candy. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized., I see rocks! someone at the front of the dinghy yelled, and there was a loud POOM! The next morning they had seen the people. Josef Landau shot straight up in bed, his heart racing. Refugee Important Quotes 1. (including. No. Fidel Castro, the man who ruled Cuba as president and prime minister, wouldnt allow anyone to leave the countryespecially not to go to the United Statesel norte, as Cubans called it. Dont take him! The Brownshirt scowled at the noise and gave the men carrying Aaron Landau a dismissive wave. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized. She was almost to Papis outstretched arms when she saw her fathers eyes go wide. Start the engine! he cried. For this crime against the German people, you will be taken into protective custody. Josef looked at his father, panicked. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. More ships full of refugees? Its not safe here. Not yet. I needed something big and thick for the bottom of the boat, he said. No boat today. His heart was pounding so hard he thought it would burst right out of his chest, but Mahmoud found the courage to grab Waleed by the arm, drag him over the seat, and dive headfirst out the door. It was better not to have friends in Syria in 2015. They broke lamps and lightbulbs. Like this book? The building groaned again, and a kitchen on the top floor began to tip toward the street. It was hot out by day but it got cold at night, and Mahmoud and his family had left all their extra clothes in the car in their haste to escape. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. We can be in Turkey by tomorrow. Renata and Evelyne jumped out from behind a lifeboat and grabbed Josef by the hand. Ivn, nail. Ivn handed him another nail. To safety. How are Josef Isabel and Mahmoud similar? The cat skittered away underneath the house. A sign that they would eventually get to America. Refugee (Alan Gratz) Waleed! Isabel shook her head, convinced she was hearing things, and put her lips back to her trumpet. Without their parents on the ship, they had skipped synagogue to play. No! Isabel cried. Then by boat? The policeman raised his truncheon to hit her father again, and Isabel jumped in between them. He left the compartment quietly and walked along the corridor past the other Jewish families in their compartments. A specimen. What do you think the States will be like? Isabels mother asked everyone. The right answer and they lived; the wrong answer and they all died. Mahmoud Bishara-Refugee Mahmoud Bishara, Age 12, Aleppo, Syria Lauryn V, Copyright 2022 April 21, 2022 In the book Refugee by, Alan Gratz their were three characters, Mahmoud, Isabell , and Josef. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. We will not stand in their way. What did he just say? Mami asked. bomb, though, you needed walls. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. I should do something, he whispered. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Not here. She was barefoot like always, and wore a tank top and shorts. Hurry! Papa said. Youssef stops for gas a little north of Aleppo. Back when they were Germans. A year after that, Khalid had died in an airstrike anyway. Mahmoud is a Muslim boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, and his family has no other choice but to leave Syria when their entire apartment building is destroyed by a missile. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Get books for your students and raise funds for your classroom. Mahmouds mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. Fatima had long, dark hair she wore up on her head, and intense brown eyes. As another boat passes by and doesnt acknowledge them, Mahmoud begins to realize that being invisible is not always the best solution, as no one can help him. For as long as he could remember, hed wanted this. Or run away. Take me back. Ruthie clung to her brother. They had been drafted into the police, and they werent allowed to leave. My dearest Rachel! he said. Today, Josef said, I am a man. There were many hands to shake and many congratulations after the ceremony, but it was all a blur to Josef. We were going to pack. Nono! It is also worth noting that despite Mahmouds young age, he has needed to take on a protective role for his brother Waleed because of the danger of the civil war going on. They needed a place to hide from Hitler. Where would they go? Isabel was worried the Castillos were going to get caught. 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Josef and his family hoped to one day make it to America, but you couldnt just sail into New York Harbor. He glanced around the little cabin like the walls were closing in. When Youssef and Mahmoud return to their cell and pass, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 17 days from home, refugee camp in a cold, muddy field surrounded by wired fence. But the food shortages had driven more and more Cubans to el norte. Not everyone did it anymore, but to Lito it was like an art form. It wasnt US agents. The woman lurched out of the bathroom, looking even more green and desperate, and wobbled away. Why not? Isabel said. Josef, Ruthie, Renata, and Evelyne had to swallow their snickers as the steward reached down with his free hand and tried and failed to open the door. Isabel spends much of the dangerous trip acting as an adult: she takes care of her eight-and-a-half-months pregnant mother, Teresa; she saves Seor Castillo when he is thrown overboard by waves; and she spends much of the trip relentlessly bailing out water from their boat so that they can continue their journey. She was terrified since her worst worries had come true, and then a dazzling light blinded her. Things will get better. You can let us off at highway 214. Dad turned the car around and drove. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. The United States only let in a certain number of Jews every year, so Josefs family planned to live in Cuba while they waited. The war had made Mahmoud nervous. Khalid. The refugee mahmoud summary is a blog post that talks about how Mahmoud, an Iraqi refugee, traveled from Iraq to Germany. Advertisement. He scared Josef too. Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara are the primary protagonists of Refugee. No, thought Josef. He then hears, cry out for help, but the dinghy isnt slowing down. I have to find him! Chabela! her grandfather cried. They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. More police were arriving by motorcycle and military truck, and the protest was turning bloody. Isabel closed her eyes and focused. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Isabel covered her ears and stepped away. Not soldiersregular people. But Syrians knew protesting in the streets was dangerous. He and Mahmoud had known each other for years, and even though Mahmoud was Sunni and Khalid was Shia, that had never mattered to them. When she got to her papi, he was balled up on the ground and the policeman was beating him with his nightstick. Were leaving Aleppo. He stood taller, tugged at the bottom of his brown shirt to straighten it, then turned and marched away. They were all alive! A trap. Mama sighed. And the Kurds hold all this territory here. A roar like a hot wind rising outside. There had been rationing and food coupon books back when Isabel was little. Syria is still engaged in this brutal and confusing war and the civilians are affected irreparably. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. If the bullies didnt notice you, they didnt hit you. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. And how exactly are they going to get better, Mariano? Thats when theyll snatch us. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Amiel The connection between Isabel and Josef's story is that Lito was the police officer who jumped off of the U.S St. Louis to save Josef's father when he tried to commit suicide. Mahmoud stared straight ahead at his fathers back instead. Hours later, the train pulled in to Hamburg Central Railway Station. What are you playing at, letting them on board? he demanded. Mahmoud froze. If he and his family didnt make it to Cuba, if they werent allowed in, where would they go? The rebels? The MS St. Louis was a paradise. Khalid was a Shia Muslim in a country of mostly Sunni Muslims. Many guns and artillery. She was only six years old. Why did mahmoud and his brother receive poos of displeasure in the boat? She hadnt gone nearly catatonic like Waleed, but at some point it had gotten bad enough that she just stopped talking about it. Isabel had caught him at dinner. Mahmouds dad looked sheepish. With no one to overpay for it, the cane fields dried up, the sugar refineries closed, and people lost their jobs. No sirens rang. Mahmoud then gives, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), Greece. Seor Castillo was trying to get the motor started. The path was crammed full of Syrians, all strolling along like they had nothing else to do and nowhere else to go. Mahmoud felt like he was in trouble. Yet Mahmoud also hints at some of the drawbacks that come with being invisible, such as the fact that Mahmoud and Khalid had to stop being friends, thus cutting off a vital source of support for Mahmoud. It was his dad. Some of these soldiers wore camouflage pants and shirts, but others wore Adidas jerseys and leather jackets and track pants. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. And now they were in line with him, all those hundreds of people and thousands more, and they werent invisible anymore. She was already in the street when she stopped, ran to her backyard, and snatched up the little mewling kitten too. Waleed went back to watching cartoons. Which is usually that dog Assad. Mahmoud breathed again with relief. That seemed like a good omen to him. People also ask, Where does Mahmouds family plan go? No! Josef cried. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Wait! the sailor cried. Where are Waleed and Hana? his father asked. Mahmoud's brother. And just in time. Mahmoud looked up at where his apartment had been. Waleed! The MS St. Louis. Do you have any relatives back in Miami that you want to send a message to? the reporter asked. Home. All Mahmoud wanted to do was curl up into a ball and disappear. Isabel watched as Mami cleaned his cuts with a washcloth. Well go without you. They left him pacing the room, muttering to himself. The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. This must have been the Castilloss plan all alongfor Luis and his girlfriend to run away with them! Mahmoud couldnt believe it. Mahmoud and Waleed went tumbling, and the soldier in the back rolled on top of them. I should do something, he whispered. She put the little kitten back under her house and ran inside for her trumpet. Germany? Mahmouds mother said. Who are the characters in the book refugee? He wrapped them all in a hug and kissed little Hana on the forehead. Trauma and growing up: The novel highlights the cruelty of having to become an adult. He was filled with sadness for the boy his age. In the gallery above, Josef saw one of the crew slam a fist down on the railing and storm off. Finally, Shabbos arrived. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. It was hard to tell anymore. You shouldnt be leaving Syria, said one of the soldiers. The police were shooting at them! Shes a baby. Its tummy purred like an outboard motor, and it butted its head against Isabels hand in between bites. Everyone was afraid of what he would do if the Arab Spring swept through Syria. Apparently, they were all coming along for the ride. Hana! his father cried. Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. The way the content is organized. We dont have any gasoline anyway, Ivn said. Josef's story begins when Josef's father Aaron gets taken away on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp by Nazi Stormtroopers. feet, he wasnt coming back. Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere between the Bahamas and Florida1994 Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece2015 Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere between the Bahamas and Florida1994 Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia2015 Josef: Off the American Coast1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary2015 Josef: Antwerp, Belgium1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary2015 Josef: Vornay, France1940 Isabel: Miami Beach, Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany2015 Isabel: Miami, Florida1994 Mahmoud: Berlin, Germany2015 Maps Authors Note Acknowledgments About the Author Sneak Peek at Projekt 1065 Sneak Peek at Grenade Also by Alan Gratz Copyright In the year 1938, Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. He says the family has stayed for too long and it is time to escape to Germany. Too many. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Anything at all. Safe on the sidewalk across the street, clutching Hana and Waleed, Mahmoud suddenly realized his mother had still been in the building. They were men, mostly, many of them shirtless in the hundred-degree August heat, their white and brown and black backs glistening in the sun. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. Youssef Bishara. Without saying anything, Isabel ran next door to the Castilloss house. Use Apple Maps, another soldier said. Theyll come for us soon enough, he said. Even grumpy Seor Castillo chuckled. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Maybe becoming a man means not relying on your father anymore. For the gasoline. Her grandfather was shocked. She listened now, intently, trying to hear the heartbeat of Cuba in her own music. . Quickly now, children, Mama said. Straight brown hair slicked back from his pale white forehead, brown eyes behind wire-frame glasses that sat on a short nose, ears that stuck out maybe a little too far.
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