If you have a thoracic herniated disc, you may feel these symptoms circumferentially around your rib cage or upper abdominal area. She also works as an Adult and Pediatric Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner. Horner syndrome with associated T1 weakness and paresthesias is representative of many etiologies (Table 2). T1 motor root innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals, interossei, and the pectoralis major. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M51.24 - other international versions of ICD-10 M51.24 may differ. (b) Axial view shows the posterolaterally located disc is on the left side. Cervical radiculopathy is a disease process marked by nerve compression from herniated disk material or arthritic bone spurs. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord and ascend up the carotid sheath to the superior cervical ganglion at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Global Spine J. This is possible through panchakarma procedures and Rasyana therapies later on. Numbness or tingling. (g) Plain CT radiograph showing that the cage is located at bicalvicular line. 1 Far less common is C7-T1 or T1-T2 pathology, causing a C8 or T1 radiculopathy, with a prevalence of 6.2% of affected nerve roots in one series. Case report. 13: 240-5, 16. Thoracic Disc Herniation: Surgical Treatment.. and transmitted securely. Anterior surgery can be achieved without sternotomy. 11: 499-501, 17. 3. I have a severe pressure senstation in the area of the bulge and when I lay down I have the burning in my neck and also in my (L)arm. (a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging shows a T1T2 extruded disc migrated up. Herniated discs in the thoracic region account for less than 1 percent of all herniated discs. All rights reserved. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Summary of background data: Thoracolumbar junction disc herniations show a variety of signs and symptoms because of . Numbness or tingling in areas of one or both legs. Smoking wrecks your discs along with everything else, weakening and drying them out (in case you needed another reason to quit). 13. First thoracic disc protrusion. The location of the pain depends on the location of the herniated disc. An MRI showing a herniated thoracic disc compressing the spinal cord.An MRI from the same patient shown above after minimally invasive lateral thoracic discectomy and fusion. 2016. 2002. Horner syndrome or oculosympathetic paresis is caused by interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the face and eye that manifests as facial anhidrosis, blepharoptosis, and miosis. They occur when a vertebra in your spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height. Logue V. Thoracic intervertebral disc prolapse with spinal cord compression. 1955. The symptoms of a herniated disc depends on either the size and position of the disc. However, the onset of paralysis in this condition is gradual. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 1986. She underwent T1-T2 anterior discectomy and fusion. There is no charge to read or download any SNI content, but registering for a free membership will provide you with additional special features. 1. The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. Disclaimer. We added our cases (four cases) of T1T2 disc herniations to those 32 cases found in the literature. Excruciating pain from cervical (C7/T1) radiculopathy. The clinical signs and symptoms of T-1 radiculopathy are similar to those of C-8 radiculopathy; however, distinguishing features can frequently be found on neurological examination. 12: 303-5, 31. There are many different condition with T1-T2 disc and these are as follows-. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980;134:184-185. There might be some other reasons like- some addiction or something like this, that causes the desiccation of the T1-T2 disc. Nonsurgical treatments are usually tried first to treat CTJ injuries. Barrow Neurological Institute. Our patient had resolution of his back pain, paresthesias, and grip weakness at 6 weeks postoperatively, but his Horner syndrome persisted at latest follow-up. Avoid lifting, twisting, or straining the back. For example, you may feel pain in your neck, arms, hands, fingers, or parts of the shoulder. The fibers ascend and synapse at the superior cervical ganglia at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (C3-C4). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). Nishimura Y, Thani NB, Tochigi S, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ. Report of four cases and literature review. Approximately 90% of herniated discs occur at L4-L5 and L5-S1, causing pain in the L5 or S1 nerve that radiates down the sciatic nerve. 37: 541-2, 12. 7. Winter RB, Siebert R. Herniated thoracic disc at T1-T2 with paraparesis. 48: 710-5, 18. (i) Postoperative T2-weighted MRI demonstrates the cage in T1T2 interspace. The four cases of T1T2 discs included two females and two males who ranged in the age group from 36 to 67 years (average: 47 years). Treating thoracic-disc herniations: Do we always have to go anteriorly? 6: s-0036, 29. Conclusions: A very subtle ptosis and miosis remained. 1998 Jan;88(1):148-50. doi: 10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0148. A, Right parasagittal T1-, T2-, and STIR-weighted images that demonstrate a discrete fracture line through the pedicles of L4 bilaterally without pedicle marrow signal intensity changes (long arrow) and a less obvious fracture line on T1 images through the L5 pedicle with concomitant type 1 pedicle marrow changes (short arrows). If we just suppress the pain and associated discomfort due to T1-T2 slip disc, that wont be a permanent solution of the problem. This process of desiccation starts due to the pressure on the spinal arteries. and transmitted securely. Accessibility Epub 2021 Nov 26. (g) Post-operative CT AP X-ray: shows the cage in T1T2 disc space. Because in this case, a patient might get back all those symptoms of T1-T2 slip disc come back again. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. At 9 months postoperatively, the patient continued to be pain free with full strength and intact sensation. Watch: Thoracic Herniated Disc Video After talking about your symptoms and . Here, we reviewed four cases of symptomatic T1-T2 disc herniations; two patients were paraparetic due to central discs and underwent anterior surgery utilizing a cage construct. The goal of surgery is to remove all or part of the herniated disc that is compressing a nerve root. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the affected area for 15- to 20-minute intervals every two hours. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 1986;19:44951. These all symptoms always confuse before the proper diagnosis of slip disc in D1-D2. Anterior approaches are useful, but more involved. symptoms with longer duration or unrelieved by conservative Would you like email updates of new search results? Find out how, and what you can do to treat them. If there is some deformity behind T1-T2 slip disc than we aim to restore the kyphotic changes. Symptomatic T1-T2 disc herniations are rare and, in most cases, are located posterolaterally. Its not easy figuring out how to sleep with a herniated disc. A herniation here may cause pain at the back or chest around the first rib, or pain in the ring and/or pinky fingers. Before Disc herniation at T1-2. J Indiana State Med Assoc. Central disk herniations or those that compromise up to 50% across the disk space are often approached through an anterior approach as effective decompression cannot be completed from a posterior only approach. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. But they can happen. Herniated thoracic disc at T1-2 level associated with horner's syndrome. A standard posterior approach with laminoforaminotomy and diskectomy was done. (g) Post-operative CT AP X-ray: shows the cage in T1T2 disc space. This study can distinguish calcified disk herniations, which may lead to modified treatment strategies and surgical approach.3 The T1 nerve root supplies the ulnar nerve with C8 at a root level, the medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves at a cord level, and the first intercostal nerve. At his follow-up appointment, there was no improvement of his symptoms; therefore, the decision was made to intervene surgically given his persistent pain, weakness, and Horner syndrome. Asian Spine Journal, 2012 (evidence level 3A) T2 radiculopathy: A differential screen for upper extremity radicular pain. Experience with ruptured T1-T2 discs. MRI provides the diagnosis. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Hammon WM. Correlating history, examination, and imaging will guide toward a successful diagnosis. C8 and T1 nerve roots compromise both the ulnar and median nerve root; therefore, precise examination of these roots is necessary. (a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows T1T2 disc herniation. The presence of an accurate and reproducible radiologic description is essential for the success of any interventional therapy, in addition to disc removal. On which side the compression is more symptoms will be according to that. Data is temporarily unavailable. The oculosympathetic pathway then joins the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve (V1) and travels into the orbit through the superior orbital fissure to provide innervation to the pupil dilator muscle and Mueller's muscles; small smooth muscles in the eyelid responsible for a minor portion of upper lid elevation and lower lid retraction. T1T2 thoracic disc herniations are an extremely rare, and optimal results depend on the central and centrolateral location of the discs and the operative/nonoperative choices were made based on the clinical presentation. This condition can happen to anyone at any age but is more prevalent in older populations or with those who are involved in strenuous physical activity for extended periods of time. Some research has shown that herniated discs run in families, suggesting that your genes can make it more likely that you will develop a herniated thoracic disc. In this condition we work on the posture of the shoulders and neck all together. 15. 1998 Jan;88(1):148-50. doi: 10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0148. Carousel with three slides shown at a time. Evid Based Spine Care J 2010;1:21-28. -, Arseni C, Nash F. Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion:A clinical study. (c) T2-weighted sagittal image shows complete resolution of the disc at 5-month follow-up. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Band-like pain travelling from the back to the abdomen/chest on one or both sides of the body Headaches when you sit or lie in certain positions Numbness, tingling, or a burning feeling in your legs Trouble walking or moving your legs Weakness in your arms or legs Trouble urinating or having a bowel movement Disclaimer. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1954;29:375-378. Reflex examination was 2/4 in C 6, 7, and 8 roots. Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Uematsu Y, Oda H. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). If the lower thoracic region is involved, a patient may encounter pain . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Neurosurgical Developments on the Horizon, Leksell Gamma Knife Society Meeting Series, Dubai, 2018, Mayo Clinic Neuroscience Neurosurgery Lecture Series, http://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/9301/, Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (f) Postoperative T1-weighted MRI, at 3-year follow-up, note clearance of the cord. But they can also happen after more severe trauma in the absence of osteoporosis or as a result of tumors on your spine. Results: The patient's symptoms resolved completely. With age, the discs soft inner layer (nucleus pulposus) becomes less hydrated, making it less gelatinous and effective as a shock absorber. Patients with cervical radiculopathy symptoms and physical examination findings consistent with Horner syndrome should be evaluated with a MRI that includes the upper thoracic spine. Correspondence Address:Naser AsgariPars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, How to cite this article: Abolfazl Rahimizadeh, Amir Hossein Zohrevand, Nima Mohseni Kabir, Naser Asgari. This displacement can cause inflammation and compression to the spinal nerves or spinal cord, resulting in pain and possible neurological deficits like tingling, numbness, or weakness somewhere down the nerve. (c) Reconstructed sagittal computed tomography (CT) scan of the CT region showing T1T2 hard disc, indicating that the compression, also note that CT angle is 10. Before doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204820. He completed that match and 1 additional match that day with mild symptoms. Bransford RJ, Zhang F, Bellabarba C, Lee MJ. Careful radiographic analysis is needed preoperatively to identify the upper limit of the sternum. Background: T1-T2 intervertebral disc prolapse (IVDP) is a rare clinical condition.Horner's syndrome is an extremely rare clinical finding in these patients. Natalie Evenson MSN, BSN, RN is a health content writer. If youve been having intolerable pain that fails to respond to conservative treatments and or causes neurological deficits. -. He is an M.D. A cervical herniated disc may cause a number of symptoms in different parts of the body. Therefore, if the C6-C7 level has a herniation, then it is the C7 nerve that will be affected. The site is secure. It is causing burning/tingling up my neck to my ear and jaw area. One of the main differences between thoracic vertebrae and vertebrae in other levels of the spine is that each thoracic vertebra has joints that connect it to the rib bone on each side of the spine. Generally speaking, most neurosurgeons will advise against surgery if you are not experiencing pain or symptoms. The number one prevention is not smoking. These are same. Protrusions of thoracic intervertebral disks. The rib cage adds extra protection, support, and stabilization to the spine, making it less susceptible to damage in general and disc trouble in particular. People who have a herniated disk often have radiating numbness or tingling in the body part served by the affected nerves. 24-Apr-2019;10:56. He is the founder of the Sukhayu Ayurved and working with patients clinically since last 15 years. The symptoms of T1-T2 slip disc depends on the severity of the problem. Although anhydrosis was not explicitly tested, Horner syndrome was strongly suspected. 2016 May;25 Suppl 1:204-8. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4402-y. (d) Chest X-ray shows that T1T2 disc is a few mm above the manubrium. Vaidya Ji is well known for his specialisation in Ayurvedic treatment of different ailments. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126:565-577. FOIA T1T2 disc herniation: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Therefore, once muscles and ligaments are relaxed around the T1-T2, we start working on the kyphotic curve of the spine. While the diagnosed problems at the C7-T1 level are less common,2 research suggests that CTJ injuries may be missed during due to difficulties in visualizing this region on plain X-Ray films.3 A few conditions that may affect the CTJ are: In severe cases, CTJ injuries may affect the spinal cord or the C8 nerve roots. Surg Neurol. To complicate matters, sometimes fragments from the annulus may break away from the parent disc and drift into the spinal canal. Weakness with finger abduction results from C8 radiculopathy and/or peripheral ulnar nerve entrapment. Regular exercise and strengthening the core abdominal muscles will help stabilize the spine. (c) T2-weighted sagittal image shows complete resolution of the disc at 5-month follow-up. Bransford R, Zhang F, Bellabarba C, Konodi M, Chapman JR. J Neurosurg Spine. Where. Thoracic disc herniation:Operative approaches and results. Although . 2010 Feb;12(2):221-31. doi: 10.3171/2009.9.SPINE09476. Delineating the location of nerve compression begins with assessing sites of peripheral compression with physical examination. If any of the thoracic nerves become inflamed, such as from a thoracic herniated disc or a narrowing of the foramen, thoracic radiculopathy can develop with symptoms of pain, tingling, numbness, and/or weakness radiating along the nerve root. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). The one interesting aspect about a bulge is that it is an MRI finding that can correlate with an annular tear that causes deep midline low back pain. Son ES, Lee SH, Park SY, Kim KT, Kang CH, Cho SW: Surgical treatment of t1-2 disc herniation with t1 radiculopathy: A case report with review of the literature. 1956;6:110. Gille O, Razafimahandry HJ, Sderlund C, Gangnet N, Vital JM. The main concept ofAyurvedic treatment of T1-T2 slip disc problem is based on the cause of the problem. (a) T2-weighted sagittal image demonstrating a disc herniation at T1T2 level with considerable cord compression. Had a cervical epidural injection last Thursday and so far no relief. Transthoracic excision and fusion, case report with 4-year follow-up. After confirming the diagnosis with MRI, the patient was treated with standard posterior approach with laminoforaminotomy and diskectomy. Protrusion of the first thoracic disk. T1-T2 disc herniation:Two cases. 2019 Apr 24;10:56. doi: 10.25259/SNI-34-2019. See this image and copyright information in PMC. 4. You May Like: Symptoms Of Hpa Axis Dysfunction. Hoffman's sign was negative. Multiple protrusions of intervertebral disks in the upper thoracic region:Report of case. Anto M, Manuel A, Jayachandran A, Thomas SG, Joseph A, Thankachan A, Bahuleyan B. Surg Neurol Int. 48: 128-30, 8. Intervertebral thoracic disk herniation is rare. J Neurosurg Spine. J Athl Train. Sitting in chairs with a firm back to support the spine will help alleviate back pain. Case Description: A 56-year-old man presented with the left C8 T1 radiculopathy, left hand grip weakness, and ipsilateral Horner's syndrome.Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a contrast-enhancing lesion in the left T1 . Keywords: J Athl Train. Posterior approaches may utilize transfacet pedicle-sparing techniques, while the less frequent central/anterolateral discs may warrant anterior surgery. Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome is not constant but highly suggestive. Disc herniation at T1-2. Physical examination revealed pain in the left upper paraspinal and scapular region radiating to the left shoulder with mild improvement of the pain with abduction of the left shoulder above the head. Required fields are marked *. C8 root pathology will result in weakness in all three of these muscles with manual muscle testing. MR studies documented a soft central disc in one patient, and a calcified central disc in the second [Figures 1 and 2 ]. Herniated thoracic discs can cause paralysis. Read Also: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Neck Pain, Cervical Disc Herniation & Radiculopathy-Everything You Need To Know Dr. Nabil Ebraheim, Herniated Disc Symptoms, (All You Need To Know To Cure), L3 Herniated Disc/Nerve Root Compression Evaluation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Symptoms Of Ovarian Cysts After Hysterectomy, Magnetic resonance imaging is the best tool for observing and diagnosing problems with intervertebral discs, Other Imaging tests, such as X-ray or computed tomography may be used, but are not as accurate as MRI in diagnosing a herniated thoracic disc, Myelography, which involves injecting dye into the space around your spinal cord and taking X-ray or CT images to identify any narrowing in the spinal canal, Medical history to identify any accidents, pre-existing conditions, or trauma that may have caused an injury to your spine, Physical examination to record the type, severity, and location of your pain or other symptoms and draw conclusions about their cause, Sacrum, where the spine connects to the hips. (b) Sagittal, (a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging shows a T1T2 extruded disc migrated up., MeSH We report two cases of exceptional first thoracic disc herniation in a 60-year-old man and a 55-year-old woman. 1998. Your back has many interconnected bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments and tendons that protect your spinal cord. She has 24 years of experience in various areas, including Trauma, Neuro, Orthopedics, Critical Care, Emergency and Perioperative nursing. According to Christopher Good, MD, FACS President of Virginia Spine Institute, often the most optimal treatment is to allow the body to heal naturally with time. Symptoms of a herniated thoracic disc may include: A vertebral, rib, and/or disc injury at the C7-T1 level may cause moderate to severe neck pain and/or upper back pain. Can J Neurol Sci. 1980. Radiation of pain in the upper arm on the front side. Shortly after the postganglionic fibers leave the superior cervical ganglion, vasomotor and sudomotor fibers branch off to travel along external carotid artery to innervate the blood vessels and sweat glands of the face. M51.24 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. When Natalie is not working, you can find her gardening and taking care of her animals on her mini farm. 2001. If the lower thoracic region is involved, a patient may encounter pain radiating to one or both lower extremities. The first reported case was in 1945; since then, only 31 additional cases have been published. Am J Ophthalmol 1980;90:394-402. If the herniation compresses a thoracic spinal nerve, it can cause radiculopathypain that radiates down the nerve and away from the spinewith pain, numbness, and tingling. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (Ayurveda) doctor. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. When the pressure is increasing with the time and jelly starts moving towards the periphery of the disc, it causes several symptoms according the compression on the nerve roots. Myelopathy is rare. [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 10 - 17 , 21 , 24 - 26 , 29 , 31 - 33 , 35 - 37 ] There were 24 males and 12 females averaging 49.1 years of age (range 2372 years of age) [ Table 2 ]. 1952. Hann EC. Takagi H, Kawaguchi Y, Kanamori M, Abe Y, Kimura T. T1-2 disc herniation following an en bloc cervical laminoplasty. Thoracic spinal cord injuries are typically less severe than injuries to the cervical spinal cord. It can result from advanced disc degeneration or from vertebral body remodeling . (h) Postoperative T2-weighted MRI: showing appropriate decompression of the spinal cord at T1T2 level. J Neurosurg. See All About Neck Pain Radicular pain. Morgan H, Abood C. Disc herniation at T1-2. Thoracic back pain may be exacerbated when coughing or sneezing. (g) Plain CT radiograph showing that the cage is located at bicalvicular line. J Neurosurg Spine. Patterson RH. These all symptoms always confuse before the proper diagnosis of slip disc in D1-D2. Shortly after the postganglionic fibers leave the superior cervical ganglion, vasomotor and sudomotor fibers branch off to travel along the external carotid artery to innervate the blood vessels and sweat glands of the face. The main reason behind this is the inappropriate process of ageing. The site is secure. Both were approached anteriorly with low cervical-suprasternal approaches and accompanied by cage application. Your spine is made up of 33 vertebrae divided into five different segments, which are listed below in order from your head to your legs: Thoracic herniated discs occur in the thoracic spine, which is made up of the 12 vertebrae that extend from the base of your neck to the bottom of your rib cage. Most people respond well to non-operative or conservative treatment. This is disc herniation. There are several treatment options for thoracic herniated discs. The rest of the postganglionic fibers travel along the internal carotid artery and enter the cavernous sinus. (a) T2-weighted sagittal image demonstrating a disc herniation at T1T2 level with considerable cord compression. So just go to contact us and send all your reports so that we will be able to guide you in a better way for your problem and Ayurvedic treatment of T1-T2 slip disc problem. Careers. All surgically treated patients recovered fully. Patients demographic data and common clinical features of the corresponding location at which they generate. This the next process of degenerative disc disease is- disc bulge. Micheli LJ, Hood RW: Anterior exposure of the cervicothoracic spine using a combined cervical and thoracic approach. Acute traumatic sequestrated thoracic disc herniation: A case report and review. 42: 193-5, 26. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 18: 782-4, Your email address will not be published. (f) Postoperative T1-weighted MRI, at 3-year follow-up, note clearance of the cord. Lloyd TV, Johnson JC, Paul DJ, Hunt W: Horner's syndrome secondary to herniated disc at T1-T2. Svien HJ, Karavitis AL. 19: 449-51, 3. Turbo spin-echo T1 and T2-weighted sagittal and turbo spin-echo T2 axial 4 mm sections parallel to the disc spaces were taken. (a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the second case showing a hard disc at T1T2 level. Negoveti L, Cerina V, Sajko T, Glavi Z. Intradural disc herniation at the T1-T2 level. Asian Spine J. T1-T2 slip disc or disc protrusion is a common word for all these conditions. MRI best documents soft T1T2 thoracic discs, while computed tomography is typically optimal for calcified herniations. The latter two cases had posterolateral discs contributing to a Brown-Sequard syndrome and radiculopathy, respectively; one patient required a transfacet pedicle-sparing procedure, while the second case was managed conservatively. Disc herniation; T1T2 disc space; spontaneous resolution; sternal splitting approach; thoracic disc; upper thoracic disc herniation. 1986. 2013 Sep-Oct;48(5):710-5. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.5.03. Symptoms can also include numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness in one or both lower extremities. (a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging shows a T1T2 extruded disc migrated up. 11. Posted by mlerin @mlerin, Nov 4, 2019. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Experience in the surgical management of 82 symptomatic herniated thoracic discs and review of the literature. National Library of Medicine Copyright Surgical Neurology International. Ayurvedic treatment of T1-T2 slip disc problem due to process of ageing is all about slowing down the process of ageing and in deletion of the marks of age. So that we can give the proper space to the disc and it can breathe normally and can remain its space. (e) Intraoperative clearance of the disc space from both hard disc and osteophytes. A spine surgeon or spinal neurosurgeon can assess your herniated thoracic disc and help you decide if it would be best to have surgery or to try conservative treatment. 8600 Rockville Pike Because your thoracic spine is much more rigid and stable, your thoracic spinal area is much less frequently injured than your lumbar and cervical spine. Early experience treating thoracic disc herniations using a modified transfacet pedicle-sparing decompression and fusion. Keachie K, Shahlaie K, Muizelaar JP. J Orthop Sci 2009;14:103-106. Thoracic disc herniations are rare conditions compared with other disc herniations seen at cervical and lumbar spine levels. The symptoms are limited, as observed in both patients, to a T1 radiculopathy, to be distinguished from C8 radicopathy. Sympathetic fibers in the posterolateral hypothalamus pass through the lateral brain stem and synapse at the ciliospinal Center of Budge in the intermediolateral gray substance of the spinal cord at C8 to T2. J Glob Spine J. Under his, Cost effective alternative for spinal surgery. The symptoms of T1-T2 slip disc are-. 2006. Despite having a long learning curve, the surgical technique described herein can be even used in patients with complex and calcified thoracic disc herniations. Hagerstown, MD, Harper & Row, 1978. The patient underwent successful T2-3 anterior discectomy with T2-3 rib autograft fusion. This is the least common location for radiculopathy.
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