Subsequent attempts to reestablish the missions in Hopi villages were met with repeated failures. A group of armor scales found in New Mexico (USA) is critically examined from an archeological and histo- . "It's unquestionably Coronado.". 117. 1969, pp. 4 Vintage 1968 HOMCO Home Interior Coat of Arms, Armor, Arrows, Spanish Conquistador Wall Decor, Made in the USA, Bronze w Gold Wall Plaques. From the time Europeans first arrived in what is now Arizona, the region's lore has been full of tales of lost gold mines and forgotten treasures, of "Apache gold and Yaqui silver," in folklorist J. Frank Dobie's words. The Spanish were greatly aided by diseases previously unknown to that part of the world. The big question in my mind is whether it disagrees with the earlier interpretation of where the Coronado Expedition went. 1500-1533) fill up a large room once with gold and twice with silver in exchange for his freedom. Conversely, Aztec weapons could dent Spanish armor but had very little effect unless very precisely placed. In Europe, the armored knight had dominated the battlefield for centuries and weapons such as the harquebus and crossbow were specifically designed to pierce armor and defeat them. That puts her at odds with most researchers. . Those are the most "diagnostic" artifacts from the Coronado Expedition, Flint said, and to find so many crossbow bolts in particular is convincing evidence of a significant skirmish. In the Kannah Creek area of western Colorado, about 25 miles south of Grand Junction, archaeologists found part of a Spanish pistol that was dated at about 500 years old. Later in the conquest, as conquistadors realized that full suits of armor were overkill in the New World, some of them switched to lighter chainmail, which was just as effective. spanish armor found in arizona. Most conquistadors wore a full set of armor which consisted of a heavy breastplate, arm and leg greaves, a metal skirt, and protection for the neck and throat called a gorget. Some soldiers used crossbows, but they're very slow to load, break or malfunction easily and their use was not terribly common, at least not after the initial phases of the conquest. Based on the sites location and the items she has found, she is convinced the outpost was routed not by the Opata people who once dominated what is now Sonora but by the Sobaipuri, whose direct descendants include the Tohono Oodham at San Xavier. "I think Deni's finds are certainly fascinating and probably indicate the presence of the Coronado expedition," Flint said. Silk was the most valuable commodity in the world at that time. The Bronze wall gun, viewed as the trophy artifact. or Best Offer. Claims and counter-claims notwithstanding, Seymour has undisputedly made a tremendous discovery. Several Spaniards had died trying to find it. We have clear evidence of battle, said Seymour, who has written dozens of academic books and papers about the region and its early native inhabitants. Swords, daggers, armor, stirrups, spurs, bridles, copper medallions and boxes, copper plates, French swords, Spanish musketry and metal lance heads have been found from San Angelo to Silver to . Lasting over two years, the journey took them as far north and east as Kansas. Relics have been unearthed across an area that stretches for well over half a mile. Seymour believes her discovery proves once and for all that Coronado and company actually entered Arizona along the Santa Cruz River before eventually heading east. The conquest of the Americas proves decisively the advantage of advanced armor and weaponry in any conflict. But they did want to be rich, Flint said. 2B Fig. Top image: The 15401542 Coronado Expedition, in a circa 1900 painting by Frederic Remington, heads north after travelling inland from the Gulf of Mexico. Six scales from . Artifacts linked to Coronado Expedition could reveal first Spanish outpost in Southern Arizona. A new museum dedicated to Black history in the area made its debut on the web on Dec. 31, and its first physical exhibit could open next month, Saguaro National Park will survey visitors after posting its busiest year on record. "What we have is a named place," she said, "a place named in the Coronado papers.". This page provides a guide for where to find many of them, from Santa Fe to Albuquerque to Southern New Mexico. Spanish Armor Plate Discovered in North Carolina, U.S.A. Spanish soldiers took over the Native city of Catwba, Joara, about 60 miles east of Asheville, on an excursion from Florida about 450 years ago. Christopher Columbus discovered previously unknown lands in 1492, and within 20 years the conquest of these new lands was proceeding quickly. And besides, "No evidence of Coronado's visit has ever been found in Kansas." (A piece of Spanish armor found in western Kansas near Scott City could be related to El Cuartalejo, a ruined pueblo believed to have been built by refugee Taos Indians in the late 17th century.) I don't think it undermines earlier thoughts that they came up the San Pedro, Hartmann said after attending her lecture, according to CBS. Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors. 16921770, 17831837, 1859present. Some had rudimentary stone axes or clubs with spikes coming out of the end. To Hartmann, Suya was more like a struggling military garrison than a town, he said. Decorations Revealed on Conserved Spanish Armor. it just seems strange that the wearer . Seymour knows she can't keep the site a secret forever, but she wants to protect it for as long as she can. Save 6%. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Available at: https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2022/02/13/tucson-archaeologist-says-she-found-coronado-expedition-artifacts/6775408001/, CBS. ThoughtCo, Apr. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. The ancient Greeks were no different. ( Coronado We Did It ). Tucson archaeologist Deni Seymour digs for artifacts from the Coronado Expedition at an undisclosed site in Santa Cruz County. You spent gold to get it.. 24 premium economy seats . In the spring of 1687, the Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino lived and worked with the Native Americans in the area called the Pimera Alta, or "Upper Pima Country," which presently includes the Mexican state of Sonora and the southern portion of Arizona. According to Flint, there are a number of written accounts by members of the expedition that reference Suya and the battle that led to it being abandoned. The longtime Southern Arizona researcher also claims to have found Coronado artifacts at two other spots about 6 miles apart in the San Bernardino Valley, roughly 100 miles east as the crow flies from her main site in Santa Cruz County. Petroglyphs can be found throughout New Mexico. (CC BY-SA 3.0 ) Other weapons, which may be Spanish as well, are located in Vernon Museum in Canada. 18 Guage Medieval Armor Steel Spanish Kettle Hat Helmet Larp Collectible. The "trophy artifact" is a bronze wall gun more than 3 feet long . February 14, 2022 / 6:22 AM There was a cross carved in the wall as well. "(The documentary) is important so people can see and understand the discovery process.". In the Natural History Museum in Mesa, there is a piece of conquistador armor that was stated to have been found somewhere in the mountains south (I think they said "20 miles south of here"). This goes contrary to the generally held belief among historians. joined the Union in 1912, it was well on its way to being a Burgonet helmet . The piece, known as a . They spent the winter there. Dover Publications, 2000, Mineola, N.Y. Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo, et al. It is also difficult to believe that the Spanish used horses to travel up the Columbia River and in the Interior Mountains. "We have clear evidence of battle," said Seymour, who has written dozens of academic books and papers about the region and its early native inhabitants. A subscription helps you access more of the local stories that keep you connected to the community. Henry joined the Star in 2019 after 25 years at Nevada newspapers. A panoramic image shows an orphan section of border wall along the U.S.-Mexico at Marker 102, the southern terminus of the Arizona Trail at Coronado National Memorial in Arizona. mail armor. What has been running though my mind is, that it is curious that only one piece was found . Elena Ortiz was in kindergarten when her father found out her school was performing the reenactment. The indigenous peoples of Arizona remained unknown to European explorers until 1540 when Spanish explorer Pedro de Tovar (who was part of the Coronado expedition) encountered the Hopi while searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold.Contact with Europeans remained infrequent until three missions were established in 1629 in what is now northeastern Arizona. The back plate was found in a cave 25 miles south of Phoenix. By Gregory McNamee . Along with the central structure where the wall gun was found, she said she has identified what appear to be six surrounding lookout stations, three of which show "clear evidence of being attacked. Or fastest delivery Feb 7 - 10. See it for yourself on an easy 2.2-mile round-trip hike starting at the DeSoto Falls Trailhead that crosses Frogtown Creek before meandering through a southern forest of deciduous trees and . Indigenous communities were attacked and enslaved and any treasures they may have had such as gold, silver or pearls were taken. The front and back armor plates secured together with leather buckles. 1905 lithograph of painting by Frederic Remington. That puts her at odds with most researchers. ", The Spanish "had a major presence here, and they had major conflicts with the natives here," Seymour said. The jaguars represented fierce beasts that were extremely territorial, similar to the Aztec;s behavior. Over the past year, she has shared photos of the artifacts with several experts, including the Flints, and invited a handful of fellow researchers out to see where she is working. The Lost Gold of the Tumacacori Judge Barnes and the Mysterious Spanish Priest. A study tracking the city's urba, Conservators just wrapped a month-long study of the faade at San Xavier Mission, and even those who have worked there for decades were surpri. 16th or 17 century Spanish armor and artifacts have been found both near Ellijay, GA and Dahlonega, GA in the . Spanish: acorazar - armadura - blindaje - blindar - coselete - pavs - quijote - sirviente de armas - tora. Five-hundred years ago in November, a group of explorers who came to be known as the conquistadors led the Spanish Crown's invasion of Mexico. This greatly limited the expansion of Spanish influence throughout the lower Colorado River. He said the loss of the outpost "sort of put the nail in the coffin" of Coronado's journey, because it cut him off from his main resupply and communication route. The "trophy artifact" is a . The collection of the Kamloops Museum also contains a head of a half-pike, the type of weapon used by Spaniards in the mid-17th century. For Star subscribers:University of Arizona researchers are trying to figure out exactly where the impact will occur on the moon. Clusters of lead shot and distinctive Sobaipuri arrowheads tell the story of their final confrontation, which sent the Spaniards retreating back to the south. A glass that you drop but it doesnt break. But after finding the artifacts in an entirely different river valley, she says she revised her opinion, as reported by the Daily Mail . Its unquestionably Coronado.. Francisco Coronado on 1540 expedition from Mexico through American Southwest. MEXICO CITY -- A four-pound chunk of gold unearthed from a construction site may be the the first item ever recovered from the fabled Montezuma Treasure plundered by Spanish conquistadors 460 . The Spanish city of Toledo was known as one of the best places in the world for making arms and armor and a fine Toledo sword was a valuable weapon indeed. "I don't think that that means the usual reconstruction of the route going north has to be abandoned. Firsttheyignore you,thentheyridiculeyou,thentheyfight you, andthenyou win." The harquebuses were most effective for terrorizing Indigenous soldiers, who thought the Spanish could create thunder. Seymour is not disclosing the exact location of the archaeological site, but her general description in the Santa Cruz Valley places it at least 40 miles west of Coronado National Memorial, which overlooks the San Pedro River and the U.S.-Mexico border south of Sierra Vista. Like the cavalry, Spanish foot soldiers made good use of swords. The question of whether it qualifies as the first European settlement in the U.S. seems to depend on how you define the word settlement. Lecture. ( Coronado We Did It ), Seymour, meanwhile, who has found relics scattered across a more than half a mile (0.8 kilometers), believes that it is at least the remains of a large encampment that she has found, likely something even bigger. How to use armor in a sentence. $59.98. 2022. 4, 2021, thoughtco.com/armor-and-weapons-of-spanish-conquistadors-2136508. These weapons could batter and bruise Spanish conquistadors, but only rarely did any serious damage through the heavy armor. The site just keeps giving and giving, CBS reports her as saying. In Peru, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541) demanded that the Incan Emperor Atahualpa (ca. The indigenous peoples of Arizona remained unknown to European explorers until 1540 when Spanish explorer Pedro de Tovar (who was part of the Coronado expedition) encountered the Hopi while searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold. Arms and Armor in Colonial America, 1526-1783. Francis, J. Michael, ed. [1] Most of the missions founded by Kino were destroyed and/or abandoned because of native American attacks. the armor is thought to have been worn by a conquistador in Tristan de Luna's army in 1559. Published November 3, 2011. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. The finely made weapons did not pass inspection until they could bend in a half-circle and survive a full-force impact with a metal helmet. The chest was protected by a breast plate of armor, and an armor back plate. But that was before all these artifacts turned up in an entirely different river valley. Native cultures wore elaborate, beautiful armor. Based on decimal units a troop of ten men had a corporal, and five groups of ten had a sergeant. The Spanish mining activity had become . A display of Deni Seymours findings from about 40 miles west of the San Pedro River. The Spanish began giving large land grants in southeastern Arizona, which were turned into ranches (ranchos). Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. Theres no question.. Spanish Comb Morion Helmet 20G Steel w/ Red Feather Plume Renaissance Fair LARP. The supply of metal armor, especially in the early stages of the conquest, was limited to the weaponry brought from Europe. Cody Drake only planned on spend. 20-26; Joe Boetcher, <<The Mystery of the Spanish Armor,,, Empire Magazine; The Denver Post, Denver, April 13, 1980. Excavation at the site has yielded more than 120 caret-headed nails and more than 60 crossbow bolts so far. spanish armor found in arizonacars for sale under $1,000 in orange county. 1. However, Seymour dismisses the skepticism. Just over $8,400 had been raised so far for the film, but the crowdfunding campaign was still well short of its $100,000 goal. Full suits of armor were uncommon among the Spanish conquistadors for a number of reasons. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. De Soto Falls gets its name from the Spanish armor found there. How were the Spanish conquistadors able to do it? The Incas wore quilted or padded armor and used shields and helmets made of wood or bronze. 6 min read. A Spanish sword or pike could easily defeat Aztec armor. But that was before all these artifacts turned up in an entirely different river valley. European bows and arrows were far more advanced, powerful, and accurate. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronado-expedition-1540-artifatcs-found-arizona-archaeologist/, Deni Seymour. In 1768, the Spanish crown discontinued Jesuit missionary work in the Americas, and missionary work was continued under the Franciscans.[2]. She said she only brings along people she can trust, and only on the condition that they not reveal the location or take anyone else there on their own. However, Spanish gold claims have been found on Nickajack Creek in Smyrna, GA northwest of Atlanta. The big question in my mind is whether it disagrees with the earlier interpretation of where the Coronado Expedition went. In 1540, Spanish conquistador Francisco Vzquez de Coronado led an armed expedition of more than 2,500 Europeans and Mexican-Indian allies through what is now Mexico and the American Southwest in . In 2014, the University of Arizona Press published his book on the subject, Searching for Golden Empires., It sure sounds like she has a really exciting site, Hartmann said after attending Seymours first lecture in Tubac. Additionally, the challenges criticising the route taken have such comments as most likely. www.opendialoguemediations.com In the Mesa Museum, in Mesa, Arizona there is on display the back plate of Spanish armor. In Arizona, unlike Mexico, missionization proceeded slowly. Very much like the lyrics of the famous She may be ancient Egypts most famous face, but the quest to find the eternal resting place of Queen Nefertiti has never been hotter. During the Middle Ages, exorcisms were commonplace to rid individuals of supposed demonic possession. [3] In 1752, Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac was built in what is now Tubac, Arizona. Under a former Native American village in Georgia, deep inside what's now the U.S., archaeologists say they've found 16th-century jewelry and other . Although it has long been debated among professional and amateur historians, the question of the exact route Coronado and his band took to reach the Zuni pueblos region hasnt been satisfactorily settled. Although there are rumours of Spanish armor found around Keremeos, by 1750 the Spanish were no longer wearing the cumbersome mail armor, be it the breastplate [cuirass] or those strange iron helmets [morion]. On Twitter: @RefriedBrean. thoroughly America, For Star subscribers: Tucson's Planetary Science Institute at 50: From four young researchers to a worldwide team of more than 100 scientists , Starting Saturday, Jan. 29, hikers on Tucson's Tumamoc Hill can also exercise their creativity with a collaborative art installation designed , For Star subscribers: Tucson is home to what might be the world's largest academic collectionof video games and game-related artifacts. Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics and History. A heavily armored Spanish foot soldier could cut down dozens of Indigenous people in minutes with a fine Toledan blade. The meaning of ARMOR is defensive covering for the body; especially : covering (as of metal) used in combat. "Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors." Seymour expects to publish the first of several peer-reviewed papers on her discovery sometime this spring. Using freshly translated documents written by the Spanish conquistadors more than 400 years ago and an array of high-tech equipment, Blakeslee located what he believes to be the lost city of . And most of the soldiers could not afford full plate armor, particularly the infantry. In 1691, the Jesuit missionary, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino travelled through the Pimera Alta, establishing missions to convert the natives to Christianity. In its most basic form, it is a bullet-shaped helm with a large T in front of the eyes, nose, and mouth. A cache of armor was found south of here in the 1800's also, Willard peak does have gold deposits on it so I would assume it is of Spanish origin. During my study of history, I developed a great interest in post-colonial studies, with a focus on Latin America. ( YouTube screenshot ). Father Kino founded missions San Xavier and San Gabriel at the Piman communities of Bac and Guevavi along the Santa Cruz River. Many foot soldiers, meanwhile, preferred to . The proximity to the galley may be bothersome. All but one or two family members were supposedly killed by Apaches while carting gold to Mexico; the rest escaped. They armor was resistant to arrows and obsidian swords, but were not of much use against the Spanish guns. The question of whether it qualifies as the first European settlement in the U.S. seems to depend on how you define the word settlement. Share this . The Spanish petroglyph images were etched 200 to 300 years ago. At minimum, Seymour said, it is the remains of a large encampment, but she suspects it is something more. Between the years of 1539 and 1821, the Spanish Empire explored, colonized, and ruled over what is the state of Arizona in the United States. The armor was just the kind of thing Madsen and his colleagues from the Tucson-based Center for Desert Archaeology (CDA) were hoping someone would bring to the Coronado Road show in Lordsburg, N.M . Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures, Restormel Castle, What the English Call A Romantic Scene, Egyptologists Reveal a Lost Chamber in the Great Pyramid With Cosmic Rays, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. The longtime Southern Arizona researcher also claims to have found Coronado artifacts at two other spots about 6 miles apart in the San Bernardino Valley, roughly 100 miles east as the crow flies from her main site in Santa Cruz County. Excavation at the site has yielded more than 120 caret-headed nails and more than 60 crossbow bolts so far. Horses were another advantage that the natives could not counter. Other cultures used a sort of sling to hurl a stone with great force. Tucson police found the 59-year-old victim in a parking lot with gunshot trauma on Saturday morning. /. Along the way, they encountered and often clashed with the local Native American tribes. Feb. 13, 2022, at 11:32 p.m. Tucson Archaeologist: Found Artifacts Linked to 16th Century. Old Spanish . Forget everything you ever heard about the Seven Lost Cities of Gold. (Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau Nieto / CC BY-SA 4.0 ). We have an anchor point now, Seymour said. This statement might explain the discovery of 16 th Spanish weapons and breastplates at several locations south of Blood Mountain and Brasstown Bald Mountain. Most scholars believe the Coronado Expedition pushed northward along the San Pedro. 2002, doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. Deni Seymour said she has unearthed hundreds of artifacts linked to the 16th century Spanish expedition, including pieces of iron and copper crossbow bolts, distinctive caret-headed nails, a medieval horseshoe and spur, a sword point and bits of chain mail armor. Seymour is far less measured. Aztec warriors used theatlatl, a device used to hurl javelins or darts at great velocity. Im an archaeologist. Mountjoy, Shane. Seymour identifies the site with Suya, also known as San Geronimo III because it was the third and northernmost location of a Spanish outpost established to support the expedition. It took a long time, a couple of generations, for people to become convinced they hadnt landed in Asia.. Seymour is far less measured. Over the past year, she has shared photos of the artifacts with several experts, including the Flints, and invited a handful of fellow researchers out to see where she is working. "Everyone wants to be first. $47.00 (20% off) FREE shipping. As far as she is concerned, this discovery is so important, so game-changing that it could wind up as a national monument or a World Heritage Site someday. The date on the wall was . Apaches who made peace with the Spanish were referred to as Apaches de paz (Apaches of Peace). "Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors." The envisioned revelation, the feared end of the world that will herald an age of purification through horrific and chaotic means Every culture has an explanation about how we got here. The independent researcher revealed her find on Jan. 29 in a sold-out lecture to more than 100 people at Tubac Presidio State Historic Park. $10700$114.00. The vehicle weighed 5.9 tonnes, which, along with a maximum payload of 3.45 tonnes, resulted in a combined weight of 9.35 tonnes. Weekend Staycation in Tucson. The readily available Spanish colonial archives are completely silent about gold prospecting activities in the Georgia Mountains. Like Christopher Columbus before them, members of the Coronado Expedition assumed the place they called New Spain was actually part of the Asian continent, and if they just kept searching, they would eventually find a faster route to bring back silk, porcelain, spices, dye and other coveted Chinese goods. Heroic defense of the Incas. Dave Dalby Cause Of Death; Celebrity Broken Finger Moved In With Parents; Bruno Falcon Nationality; spanish armor found in arizona 2022 I just go where the evidence is. She is so sure of her ground that she feels the site could one day end up being declared a national monument or even a World Heritage Site. Take , For Star subscribers: The hill is one of Tucson's most popular outdoor destinations, and not just for humans. "The site keeps giving and giving," she said. Those are the most diagnostic artifacts from the Coronado Expedition, Flint said, and to find so many crossbow bolts in particular is convincing evidence of a significant skirmish. The Downtown Clifton Hotel. how to change text duration on reels. I think Denis finds are certainly fascinating and probably indicate the presence of the Coronado expedition, Flint said. Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty, "Rock star" reptile breeder murdered; Coroner: "Not a random act", Nikki Haley slams potential GOP contenders, and Trump and George W. Bush. $15,999.00 (15% off) Minster, Christopher. (36) $13,599.15. She said she first visited the site in Santa Cruz County in July 2020 and immediately found several caret-headed nails, which in this area means without question you have Coronado.. TUCSON, Ariz. (AP) A Tucson archaeologist has unveiled a . Meanwhile, other Franciscans from the college of San Fernando in Mexico City under the leadership of Junpero Serra, were assigned to replace the Jesuits in the Baja California missions of the lower Las Californias Province. The volunteers include members of the local Tohono Oodham tribe, whose descendants, the Sobaipuri, probably inhabited the area and came in conflict with Coronado during the expedition. Perhaps this could lend a clue to pinpoint the actual treasure . Read: Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , the theory which applies to all institutions, organisations, and scientific activitities. (This discovery) is important, even if its not the first, Flint said. In 2014, the University of Arizona Press published his book on the subject, "Searching for Golden Empires. Bill Hartmann is an accomplished Tucson astronomer, who has also been investigating and writing about Coronado for more than 20 years. Everyone wants to be first. . Virtually anything that is found about the Coronado Expedition has the chance to shed new light on something that was not known.. She has been uncovering artifacts there ever since with the help of metal detectors and a crew of up to 18 volunteers, including several members of the Tohono Oodham tribe. spanish armor found in arizonasour milk bread recipes no yeastsour milk bread recipes no yeast In 1751, the native Pima people revolted against the Spanish in the Pima Revolt, and over 100 settlers were killed and most of the remaining settlers fled in fear, leaving several missions abandoned. The helmet most commonly associated with the conquistadors was the morion, a heavy steel helm with a pronounced crest or comb on top and sweeping sides that cametopoints on either end. June 5, 2022 Posted by: Category: Uncategorized To counter this, the Spanish Army built several presidios in northern New Spain. There is no . Its inaccurate to say that the success of the Spanish conquest was solely due to superior arms and armor, however. The artifacts were said to be plate armor and brass horse trappings. The fine Spanish steel sword was such an advantage that for some time after the conquest, it was illegal for Indigenous people to have one. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. In Brief:Finding no wealth in Cibola or the surroundings, Coronado moved his army east to the pueblos around Albuquerque, on the Rio Grande River, in September 1540.