WOODWEB is a registered trademark of Woodweb.com. 6. Saving money by drying your lumber may not be the answer for every woodworker, but the basics shown here demonstrate that it is within the reach and skills of the average person. Lay down the bead of caulking before raising the walls. In-service replacement of warped 2 by 4's as wall studs or truss members is costly. Place the one inch sections in an oven 215F to 218F (102C to 103C) and dry - usually 18 to 36 hours depending on the oven. Kiln Systems. The fact is, most of my stacks of lumber air dry to 15% moisture content before entering the kiln. /Filter /JBIG2Decode Equalizing and conditioning are required for almost all hardwood lumber. I prefer to empty the water tray manually and record the volume of water collected. Schedules Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods There are many types of kilns, but the most common are dehumidification kilns and conventional kilns. In this system, moist air is not vented out of the kiln but is dehumidified, then recirculated . For sterilizing thicker lumber, additional time is required. It uses a simple humidistat to control the dehumidifier, and a remote bulb thermostat to control the heater, which is a couple of light bulbs. 6 0 obj hbbd``b` $ &UD\q@u /BitsPerComponent 1 My aim was to develop a small dehumidification kiln for better control of the three key components of lumber drying: temperature, airflow and humidity. Omitting the sterilization phase can lead to costly losses from insect damage, so dont skip it. hTn8>_l7h.&E:Bem=C9n\8]lMPc. If you intend to kiln dry lumber from a green state, right off the sawmill, you will need to be well-versed in airflow rates and follow a detailed drying schedule. For example, if you dry 7,500BF of fast drying Pine, you'd select the 8MBF chamber with the HT18 . Also check that air isnt escaping around the side baffles or under the stack of lumber. of this publication is to make available to dry kiln operators and others interested in kiln-drying wood, kiln schedules that are completely assembled and written out for ready reference and easy use. Solar kiln drying was most effective in the summer and early fall, when kiln efficiencies were 90% to 67%, respectively, and drying times were 2 to 3/one-half/ times faster than air drying. 0000000591 00000 n There are two ways to remove water from the DH unit, and they both work well. Measure airflow over the stacks of lumber in various locations. txN.a!HQ)FmCw~{B1Aq_!+zN#+j Low temperatures can be used for an extra safety margin on greener lumber. Matched to one of our L-Series and HT Dehumidifiers they can handle whichever species you are drying, fast drying softwoods to slow drying hardwoods. The T-bars are made from 1/2 galvanized pipe and are attached to the rafters with threaded pipe flanges. In the majority of cases, the drying schedules are from the world literature, with emphasis on U.S., Canadian, and British publications. My kiln uses four ceiling-mounted fans, each rated for 1,600 CFM. Align the stickers over the starter blocks on the first course. A heavy-duty 1,500-watt space heater works fine. You can achieve top-quality results with incredible efficiency. Attic fans are a perfect way to provide airflow over the stacks of lumber. Then align each subsequent layer of stickers over the last. Page 30 Wood-Mizer Figure 3-4 Drying Schedules Normal Schedule Alternate Schedule Moisture Content Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Group 2 Above 45% 90F 85F 100F 97F . I prefer to empty the water tray manually and record the volume of water collected. 4. Go to the first number designation (the temperature designation) and find the corresponding temperatures in the table below. I cannot stress the importance of baffles enough. Website Content Copyright 2023 Nyle Systems |. Dont even think of powering your kiln with an extension cord. /Subtype /Image temperature. The last thing to do before starting the kiln is to close the gable vent with an insulated cover. Temps are in Celsius (20C = 70F, 40C = 105F). If the temperature is below this range, I start the heater and adjust the thermostat accordingly. There is a way to do the conversions and there is a chart published by Nyle to do it, if you want to do some academic exercise. Anyway, I included my log of a load I did in Nov '06 for everyone's amusement. The first load was started with 60% and this load was started with 78%. In Fig. Insulation for walls and ceilings should be a minimum of R13. in the kiln to dry specific wood products at a satisfactory rate without causing objectionable drying defects. A household dehumidifier (DH) removes moisture from the kiln chamber. Taking moisture away at the rate the board will "safely" part with it . In this research, a drying restraint system was evaluated as a means of warp reduction in 8- and 16-foot-long SYP lumber. Moisture Content Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Depression percent degree F degree F degree F Above 50 110 106 4 50 to 40 110 105 5 40 to 35 110 102 8 35 to 30 110 96 14 30 to 25 120 90 30 Using a Kiln Schedule Wood Drying/ Seasoning. Another reason I like the idea of a shed kiln is the flexibility of future use. Take a moisture reading in the end grain with a pin-type moisture meter or remote probe. Dehumidifier suggestion: http://amzn.to/2iYZqVZThis is the first in a series of videos showing how I built a kiln for drying lumber. Hb```f``:A2,@!p"4|QP(y;ysc6f{f+&FfKi-L4+i`Vlf nwj2MM/E)rQ,^wm{'_B&%F`dbt JB*UWTmdIb& z P"f#*E4% @BHA!4I( I0 !`Hke0 PQI ([@R R`0 &xgTh( *p1 ~L{ endstream endobj 917 0 obj 389 endobj 908 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 892 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 909 0 R /F1 912 0 R >> /ProcSet 915 0 R >> /Contents 913 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 607 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 607 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 909 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F0 /BaseFont /CenturySchoolbook,Bold /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 750 287 296 333 574 574 833 852 241 389 389 500 606 278 333 278 278 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 278 278 606 606 606 500 747 759 778 778 833 759 722 833 870 444 648 815 722 981 833 833 759 833 815 667 722 833 759 981 722 722 667 389 606 389 606 500 333 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 352 667 352 963 685 611 667 648 519 500 426 685 611 889 611 611 537 389 606 389 606 750 750 750 241 574 481 1000 500 500 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 750 750 750 241 241 481 481 606 500 1000 333 1000 500 333 907 750 750 722 287 296 574 574 606 722 606 500 333 747 367 500 606 333 747 500 400 549 344 344 333 576 747 278 333 344 367 500 861 861 861 500 759 759 759 759 759 759 981 778 759 759 759 759 444 444 444 444 833 833 833 833 833 833 833 650 833 833 833 833 833 722 759 611 611 611 611 611 611 611 870 556 574 574 574 574 370 370 370 370 611 685 611 611 611 611 611 549 611 685 685 685 685 611 667 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 910 0 R >> endobj 910 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /CenturySchoolbook,Bold /Flags 16418 /FontBBox [ -250 -215 1079 962 ] /MissingWidth 671 /StemV 149 /StemH 149 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 962 /XHeight 673 /Ascent 962 /Descent 215 /Leading 202 /MaxWidth 899 /AvgWidth 468 >> endobj 911 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /CenturySchoolbook /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -250 -220 1200 951 ] /MissingWidth 756 /StemV 84 /StemH 84 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 951 /XHeight 665 /Ascent 951 /Descent 220 /Leading 171 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 463 >> endobj 912 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FontDescriptor 911 0 R /BaseFont /CenturySchoolbook /FirstChar 31 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 750 278 296 389 556 556 833 815 204 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 737 722 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 556 778 667 944 815 778 667 778 722 630 667 815 722 981 704 704 611 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 333 606 333 606 750 750 750 204 556 389 1000 500 500 333 1000 630 259 1000 750 750 750 750 204 204 389 389 606 556 1000 333 1000 463 259 833 750 750 704 287 296 556 556 606 704 606 500 333 737 334 426 606 333 737 500 400 549 333 333 333 576 606 278 333 333 300 426 833 833 833 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 1000 722 722 722 722 722 407 407 407 407 778 815 778 778 778 778 778 606 778 815 815 815 815 704 667 574 556 556 556 556 556 556 796 444 500 500 500 500 315 315 315 315 500 611 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 611 611 611 611 537 574 537 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 913 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 914 0 R >> stream For all kiln drying schedules, a heater should be used to sterilize the lumber and kill any insects that may be present. Gen. Tech. The stickers are uniform in size and usually 3/4" or 1" square. Additionally, a 12 air plenum is required between the walls and stacks of lumber. 5. Case hardening is a defect caused by the outer portion of a board drying quickly, while the inner portion dries more slowly. Phytosanitary heat treatments of Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia-colonized Metrosideros polymorpha wood were evaluated using kilns. I either use some cedar 3" x 5", or 4" x 4" stock. With a well-designed dehumidification kiln, hardwood lumber can be dried for mere pennies per board foot. That purchase was an average deal, and one I dont consider a particular bargain. In larger kilns, the heater may be needed in the latter part of the drying cycle. Schedules. USDA, 1991) . The velocity through the load is assumed to be between 275 and . The four charges of lumber ranged from 600 to 700 board feet (bf), and a woodworker with no dry-kiln experience operated the kiln. You could use the dehumidifier to dry wood but it would not be part of a "kiln." Just be a different process. Once all the lumber is stacked and stickered, place baffles over the lumber. A pre-hung steel exterior door is ideal in this situation, because it offers weatherstripping and is fully insulated. I found that brackets for mounting rigid metal electrical conduit work best. This gives me a secondary method of tracking the drying process, using both water volume and moisture content (MC) readings. I have been reading & studying kiln schedules for years too. I usually see a large volume of water in the DH each night when I check the kiln. This helps keep the lumber straight during the drying cycle; in fact, improper placement of stickers can permanently deform lumber. During the conditioning process, the only equipment operating are the fans, heater and the steam generator no dehumidifier. Recently, either Wood, or American Woodworker showed how to build a small version of a solar kiln. However, if you kiln dry hardwood lumber that has already been air dried, the process is much more forgiving. I am using a household . Job Opportunities and Woodworking Services, Dust Collection, Safety and Plant Operation, Air-Drying and Kiln-Drying Methods for Wide Plank Flooring, Drying lumber - selecting the best method. 3.) For DH kilns, use the same RH, but lower the temperature to the typical operating temperature for the compressor; raise temperature to steam values when convenient and possible. . Although I can maintain the 90 degree temperature, I could not start at the recommended humidity level unless I added humidity. Should a Moulding Mill Bring Sawmill Operations In-House? 0000002827 00000 n I know mixed loads are taboo, but this one worked well, other than the horse chestnut. If MC readings still arent at the desired range, the heat may need to be increased for the remainder of the drying cycle. Both restrained and control boards were dried to approximately 9 percent moisture content, representative of final in-service condi- tions. Drying small amounts of lumber using a dehumidification kiln is a suitable option for woodworkers even with limited knowledge of kilns. The baffles direct airflow over and through the stack and prevent the top layers from drying too quickly. If required, look-up and write down the RH (sixth column) and EMC (seventh column) for each schedule step. 3. MC values in the kiln schedules are based on the wettest half of the kiln samples. /Name /ImagePart_0 10. As the MC drops and I crank the DH on more and more, the temp tends to rise up too high just from the heat the DH throws off, even though the light bulb heaters are not on at that point. Select 3/4" conduit brackets for hanging baffles on 1/2" galvanized pipe. The last thing to do before starting the kiln is to close the gable vent with an insulated cover. Q,kjifT33P[! Kiln Drying . If the temperature is below this range, I start the heater and adjust the thermostat accordingly. Windows and doors are also sealed, as well as any holes cut for electrical service. A low temperature heat treatment chamber and/or dehumidification kiln is identified as operating between approximately 43C (110F) and 56C (133F) for an extended period during the kiln drying cycle. )f7haRoMRhib5Sd|-=RBkBBN r-hzf+1\IFgk;v]3_, KxL$9oL "Qw#"BFGfk}>cT2g yP K|7@N*v9!Wy9jB. op(y"X)Fz"q]fQC/ha>7=k_p}}^VXQmj e'2fyXQ{~23X^H1,d>Hq|^KQ*cN=yF%z.
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