Owing to the historical distance of Yamnaya culture, and reliance on archaeological findings, debate continues as to its origin. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and somesuch as theHindus,Chinese, and theMayadeveloped elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. "The Samara culture" as a proper name, however, is reserved for the early eneolithic of the region. Paganism was more than shamanism at first it was about the clan leader from 13,000 to 7,000 years ago then from 7,000 until 5, 500 was a time of proto kings and by 5,000 kings were a growing norm. To solve this mystery a multinational team of researchers from world-famous universities, such as the University of Tbingen, the University of Bern, and the Max Planck Institute, collaborated on a project to sequence the genome of a sample of Neolithic individuals. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. Haplogroup R1b, especially subclades of R1b-M269, is the most commonY-DNAhaplogroup found among both the Yamnaya and modern-day Western Europeans. Overall, our study demonstrates the most deeply divergent connection between Upper Paleolithic Siberians and the First Americans and reveals human and pathogen mobility across Eurasia during the Bronze Age. ref, Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry, The Kets (an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia) are among the least studied native Siberians. Yet there are many questions about this period. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! [1] The Proto-Indo-European homeland is often linked to one or more of these cultures. Contrary to the frequent erroneous statement made by some authors that Rome has no myth, the Romans possessed a very complex mythological system, parts of which have been preserved through the characteristic Roman tendency to rationalize their myths into historical accounts. Dakiniis the patron of those who seek knowledge.ref. Yamnaya culture was defined by Vasily Gorodtsov in order to differentiate it from catacomb and srubnaya cultures that existed in the area but considered to be of later period. Nefer Say Nefer - Was Nefertiti Buried in the Valley of the Queens? Other types of cereal imprints, such as einkorn wheat, soft dwarf wheat, and barley, have been also found. Such king gods are collectively categorized as sky father deities, with a polarity between sky and earth often being expressed by pairing a sky father god with an earth mother goddess (pairings of a skymotherwith an earthfatherare less frequent). An Upper Paleolithic genome shows a direct link with the First Americans by sharing the admixed ancestry that gave rise to all non-Arctic Native Americans. Yamnaya people left their mark from Ireland to China's western . First proto-king in the Balkans, Varna culture around 6,500 years ago? Possible Religion Motivations in the First Cave Art at around 43,000 years ago? One of the earliest attested and thus one of the most important of all Indo-European mythologies is Vedic mythology, especially the mythology of the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas. ref, Early scholars of comparative mythology such as Friedrich Max Mller stressed the importance of Vedic mythology to such an extent that they practically equated it with Proto-Indo-European myths. An emperor might also adopt a major deity as his personal patron or tutelary,asAugustusdidApollo. Stars: Ancestors, Spirit Animals, and Deities (around 6,000 years ago, with connections to shamanism at 30,000 years ago and possibly further back to 40,000 years ago with totemism), 34,000 years ago Lunar Calendar Cave art around the Time Shift From Totemism to Early Shamanism, 34,000 years old Russan Sungir Early Totemistic-Shamanism, 31,000-25,000 years old Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic Totemistic-Shamanism, Shamanism: an approximately 30,000-year-old belief system, Could the Phallus Phenomena (A Bull Horn) and the Shamanism Phenomena beginning around 30,000 years ago, Lenticular Cloud Formations may connect to Ancient House of Gods Mythology. *developed stage of organized religion is 5,000 years ago. This was a world of mobile herders who took their cattle and sheep from place to place, using horses to do so. Experts refer to the Bronze Age culture of Central Asian pastoralists as the Yamnaya. There are no entirely satisfactory solutions to this dilemma. The international study concludes that the Transeurasian, or Altaic, language family emerged from farmers in the West Liao valley and spread across Asia. Who Destroyed the Great Library of Alexandria? This has no evidence and it sounds like a pure speculation. In antiquity, several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Near East were called, . The valley of the Samara river contains sites from earlier cultures as well (including the Elshanka culture), which are descriptively termed "Samara cultures" or "Samara valley cultures". Since the 20th century this literature has been mined for characters for role-playing games, video games, and other fantasypersonae, not infrequently invested with invented traits and hierarchies somewhat different from their mythological and folkloric roots.ref, In contradistinction to bothHerbert SpencerandEdward Burnett Tylor, who defended theories of animistic origins of ancestor worship,mile Durkheimsaw its origin intotemism. The researchers analyzed microscopic traces of plant residues trapped in pits and crevices on stone tools. Unlike the archaeological Yamnaya homeland, the linguistic homeland of the core Indo-European language community cannot be located in the eastern steppe, but must be situated around, and extending to the west of, the Dnieper River. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. The words we reach for, fromGodtogravity, are inadequate to the task. 40,000-35,000 years ago first seeming use of a Totem ancestor, animal, and possible pre-goddess worship? They included the Huns, the Bulgars, the Magyars, the Turks and the Mongols.. Intriguingly, it is evident that many agricultural meanings that have habitually been reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European are effectively post-Anatolian. All of that seems to match the Yamnaya both on the steppe and in their new home in the Hungarian Plain. My Thoughts on Possible Migrations of R DNA and Proto-Indo-European? The Yamnaya (Pit-grave) culture was succeeded in its western range by the Catacomb culture (2800-2200 BCE or 4,821-4,221 years ago); in the east, by the Poltavka culture (2700-2100 BCE or 4,721-4,121 years ago) at the middle Volga. They were related to the Yamnaya culture and the dispersal of Proto-Indo-European languages." ref "The Corded Ware culture (outdated called Battle Axe culture) comprises a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between c. 3100 - 2350 BCE or 5,120 to 4,370 years ago. For example, the Upper Paleolithic genomes from the Malta and Afontova Gora sites in southern Siberia revealed a genetic profile, often called Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), which is deeply related to Paleolithic/Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe and also substantially contributed to the gene pools of present-day Native Americans, Siberians, Europeans and South Asians. Creation by the splitting or ordering of a primordial unity such as the cracking of a. Originator deity which is awakened or an eternal entity within the abyss. In this way, our research provides indirect support for the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis, which posits that language expansion from the Neolithic onwards was often associated with agricultural colonization.ref, ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, BARCELONA, SPAINAccording to a statement released by Pompeu Fabra University, evidence for the processing of wild plants at the Neolithic site of atalhyk has been found by a team of researchers from Pompeu Fabra University and the University of Leicester. Our findings furthermore support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Basin, in southern Xinjiang. ref, Diet and subsistence in Bronze Age pastoral communities from the southern Russian steppes and the North Caucasus, The slightly rolling to flat steppe landscape north of the Caucasus mountain chain includes vast areas without natural boundaries. In these groups, several aspects of the Yamnaya culture are present. It extends 8 thousand kilometers west to east (from the Black Sea to the Yellow Sea), spanning an area of 8 million sq. Eleven out of 12 green foxtail accessions were grouped separately from the clusters of foxtail millet. According to admixture analysis they had approximately 75%EEF, 10% bothWesternandEastern Hunter-Gatherer, and less than 5% traces of Yamnaya-related ancestry. They found that a larger group of immigrants from the Pontic Steppe changed the genetic make-up of the area. Photograph by istock and altered by Jennifer Carling/Harvard Magazine. It has long been known that pastoralists, belonging to the Yamnaya Culture from the Pontic Steppe region, in what is now Ukraine and southern Russia, changed the population of Central Europe in the Late Neolithic period. Lazaridis et al. Ils rvlaient, du point de vue gntique, qu'une migration de masse de peuples des steppes appartenant la culture Yamna affecta l'Europe du centre et du nord l'ge du Bronze Ancien. By the end of the LGM, after 20,000 years ago, A Western European lineage, dubbedWest European Hunter-Gatherer(WHG) emerges from theSolutreanrefugiumduring theEuropean Mesolithic. The period around 2000 BCE was marked by two migration waves moving in opposite directions. The specimens were first cleaned in a laboratory using UV light. The appearance of the Maykop culture in the Northern Caucasus represents a signifi cant marking point at that time. The cattle bones yielded lower and more variable values (5.8 to 9.3 ; range 3.5 ) than those of the sheep/goat (7.8 to 10.2 ; range 2.4 ; with an outlier with . He transforms himself into an animal and talks with ghosts, the dead, the deities, and the ancestors. Sanskrit and Old Slavonic are very close languages. The other two lower clines are occupied by individuals from the Eurasian steppe, mostly speaking Turkic and Mongolic languages. The group also occurs at >3% in some Iranian populations and is present at >30% in Roma from Croatia and Hungary., Samoyedic (Nganasans, Enets, Nenets and Selkups), Baltic Finnic (Finnish, Karelian, Estonia, etc. People on the steppe buried their exalted dead in kurgans; kurgans show up later in the Hungarian Plain than on the steppe, accompanied by the same kinds of artifacts we find in burials on the steppe. Monotheism is almost universally rejected within Paganism and most Pagan traditions are particularly interested in the revival of ancient polytheist religious traditions. ref, Religion may be defined as a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs, whereas ritual is an established or prescribed procedure for religious or other rites. ref. There are 98 Transeurasian languages, including Korean, Japanese, and various Turkic languages in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, and Siberia, various Mongolic languages, and various Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia. I classify Animism (animated spirit or supernatural perspectives). The Kurgan hypothesis, first put forward in 1956 by Marija Gimbutas, has become the most popular. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. (which is also the main paternal lineage of Amerindians) was also found in the Proto-Indo-European Khvalynsk culture in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, the precursor of the Yamna culture. After the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, theWestern Hunter-Gatherers(WHG) and EHG lineages merged in Eastern Europe, accounting for early presence of ANE-derived ancestry in Mesolithic Europe. The most recent of them were the most Mongoloid as populations shifted from east to west. Possibly a forebear of the Corded Ware Culture or Kurgan Culture in the area. (Marianne Ramstein / Archologischer Dienst des Kanton Bern ). Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections: The first five books or Pentateuch (Torah). For Tocharian, it may be necessary to assume an indirect dispersal as well in view of the late spread of agriculture to the eastern steppe. In the 2000s,David Anthonyinstead used the core Yamnaya culture and its relationship with other cultures as a point of reference. ref, Gimbutas defined the Kurgan culture as composed of four successive periods, with the earliest (Kurgan I) including theSamaraandSeroglazovocultures of theDnieperVolgaregion in theCopper Age(early 4th millennium BCE). The south eastern extent of this migration is currently not known. A neighbor-joining dendrogram based on TD grouped the foxtail millet accessions into eight major clusters, each of which consisted of accessions collected from adjacent geographical areas. ref, Around 5,000 years ago,Origin of Logicsis a Naturalistic Observation (principles of valid reasoning, inference, & demonstration)ref, Around 4,150 to 4,000 years ago: The earliest surviving versions of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, which was originally titled He who Saw the Deep (Sha naqba muru) or Surpassing All Other Kings (Shtur eli sharr) were written. Who were the Groups migrating and merging with the previous Groups of Europe 9,000 to 7,000 years ago? Hundreds of these kurgans survive today, breadcrumbs leading us back in time on the trail of the people who brought into Europe the Indo-European languages so many millions of people speak today. The beginnings of the steppe belt cultures coincide with the Copper Age (5th millennium BCE) and the activation of the Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province. Genetic research has revolutionized our understanding of Switzerlands prehistoric past. Instead of meeting a single starting point, we encounter an infinity of them, each of which poses the same problem. Then around 4,000 years ago monotheism emerges. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? The set of stages for the development of organized religion is subdivided into the following: the primal stage of organized religion is 13,000 years ago, the proto stage of organized religion is around 10,000 years ago, and finally the progressed stage of organized religion is around 7,000 years ago with the forming of mythology and its connected set of Dogmatic-Propaganda-Closure belief strains of sacralized superstitionism. Decoration consists of circumferential motifs: lines, bands, zig-zags or wavy lines, incised, stabbed or impressed with a comb. There is no definitive archaeological evidence to connect the Yamnaya to the subcontinent. So, Religion as we think of it, to me, all starts in a general way withAnimism(Africa: 100,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in supernatural powers/spirits), then this is physically expressed in or withTotemism(Europe: 50,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in mythical relationship with powers/spirits through a totem item), which then enlists a full-time specific person to do this worship and believed interactingShamanism(Siberia/Russia: 30,000 years ago) (theoretical belief in access and influence with spirits through ritual), and then there is the further employment of myths and gods added to all the above giving youPaganism(Turkey: 12,000 years ago) (often a lot more nature-based than most current top world religions, thus hinting to their close link to more ancient religious thinking it stems from). The etymology of tutelary expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship. They used their horses and chariots to conquer the European tribes. ) Mystery Cave Rings 175,000 Years Ago, 130,000 years ago Earliest evidence for burial and its Neanderthals. It was detected in 14 people (out of 3667 people tested), all in a restricted geographical range from. Yamnaya people were also skilled warriors. In the context of the modifiedKurgan hypothesisofMarija Gimbutas, this pre-kurgan archaeological culture could represent theUrheimat(homeland) of theProto-Indo-European language. In Mesopotamia, the goddessNintinugga, associated with healing, was accompanied or symbolized by dogs. In the Early and Middle Bronze Age (4th3rd millennia BCE), advanced pastoral cultures emerged in the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province. Despite the popularity of Greek mythology in western culture, Greek mythology is generally seen as having little importance in comparative mythology due to the heavy influence of Pre-Greek and Near Eastern cultures, which overwhelms what little Indo-European material can be extracted from it. 3300 BCE, it gradually developed into a network of increasingly evolved and disconnected varieties of Indo-European speech, thus foreshadowing the final fragmentation of the language and the movements of the various branches into Europe and Asia. People of the precedingDnieper-Donets culturewere even more powerfully built than the Sredny Stog andYamnaya. One of the common beliefs is the divine presence in nature and the reverence of the natural order in life. Some linguists have argued that Korean, Japanese, and Ainu are language isolates, as they only vaguely resemble other Altaic languages. Cory Johnston:https://damienmarieathope.com/2021/04/cory-johnston-mind-of-a-skeptical-leftist/?v=32aec8db952d, The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist (YouTube), Cory Johnston: Mind of a Skeptical Leftist@Skepticallefty, The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist By Cory Johnston: Promoting critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics by covering current events and talking to a variety of people. March 3, 2023. And similarly,Native American beliefs such asTons, tutelary animal spirit among theZapotecandTotems, familial or clan spirits among the Ojibwe, can be animals.ref, Atutelary(alsotutelar) inAustronesian beliefs such as:Atua(godsand spirits of thePolynesian peoplessuch as theMorior theHawaiians),Hanitu(BununofTaiwans term for spirit),Hyang(Kawi,Sundanese,Javanese, andBalineseSupreme Being, in ancientJava and Bali mythologyand this spiritual entity, can be eitherdivineorancestral),Kaitiaki(New ZealandMoriterm used for the concept ofguardianship, for thesky, thesea, and the land),Kawas (mythology)(divided into 6 groups: gods, ancestors, souls of the living, spirits of living things, spirits of lifeless objects, and ghosts),Tiki(Mori mythology,Tikiis thefirst mancreated by eitherTmatauengaorTneandrepresentsdeified ancestorsfound in mostPolynesian cultures). They also hunted deer and wild game. For instance, Ancient Near Eastern andTurkicKipchaqmyths are prone to associate dogs with healing and generally categorized dogs as impure. Every amount spent on war is theft to children in need of food or the homeless kept from shelter. The stockbreeding societies of the steppes often played a key role in Eurasian history. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref, Creation myths: From chaos, Ex nihilo, Earth-diver, Emergence, World egg, and World parent, Acreation myth(orcosmogonic myth) is asymbolicnarrativeof how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. They also grew peas and beans, though there is no solid evidence that they actually made, There is also evidence that they may have kept bees.. A more recent study by Cooke et al. Gene sequencing of another south-central Siberianpeople (Afontova Gora-2)dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures to that of Malta boy-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum.ref, The earliest known individual with a genetic mutation associated with blonde hair in modern Europeans is an Ancient North Eurasian female dating to around 16000 BCE from theAfontova Gora 3site in Siberia. They could also be found on domestic objects, such as cosmetic articles in the case ofTawaret. Creation myths are of central importance for the valuation of the world, for the orientation of humans in the universe, and for the basic patterns of life and culture., Creation myths tell us how things began. Steppe semi-nomads associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta and later with the Srubnaya-Andronovo communities moved from Eastern Europe eastwards to the Altai and even to Xinjiang. Meat was also a significant part of the Yamnaya diet. Around 2,400 years ago, the most accepted hypothesis is that the canon was formed in stages, first the Pentateuch (Torah). Creation myths also help to orient human beings in the world, giving them a sense of their place in the world and the regard that they must have for humans and nature.ref. Goddesses/Demigoddesses/Grandmother-Mother Ancestor Spirits from Catal Huyuk? The Bug-Dniester culture had ceramics about 6200 BCE and began to adopt animal domestication & agriculture from Cri people. ref, ref, A northern group of pioneers formed the Cri/Krs Culture and occupied northern Balkans and Carpathians 5800-5300 BCE. Throughout much of Eurasia, a single pastoralist culture that thrived between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago left behind an indelible genetic imprint . Even Greek and Hebrew do not have similar code but they have numbers also and meanings for each letter. Evolutionary model of human pigmentation in three continental populations. Latin does not have any of it. Sacred Menstrual cloth? New Testing Revealed, First Complete DNA Sequencing Unveils Truth of Pompeii Victim, How Mixed Ancestries Shaped European Traits, Decade of DNA Analysis Reveals Astonishing Truths About Our Past, Genetic Study of Romanian Skull Upends Previous Theories of Evolution. Rational thinkers must ask themselves why continue to believe in religions stories. Severallinks to other language familieshave been proposed, but none have broad acceptance. ref, The most commonly cited hypothesis associates the family with the NeolithicYangshao culture(70005000 years BP) of theYellow Riverbasin, with an expansion driven bymilletagriculture. They often are consideredsacredaccounts and can be found in nearly all knownreligious traditions. Animism: Respecting the Living WorldbyGraham Harvey, How have human cultures engaged with and thought about animals, plants, rocks, clouds, and other elements in their natural surroundings? This difference is caused by the penetration of posterior Siberian migrations into the Americas, with the lowest percentages of ANE ancestry found in Eskimos and Alaskan Natives, as these groups are the result of migrations into the Americas roughly 5,000 years ago.ref, Estimates for ANE ancestry among first wave Native Americans show higher percentages, such as 42% for those belonging to the Andean region in South America. Indeed, in the final stage of Mikhailovka the evidence of millet increased, suggesting an increasing presence of C4 plants in the vegetation and/or in the diet. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. in clay ovens or on heated stones in the home. "Veda" - means knowledge even in modern Russian. Koryaks: Indigenous People of the Russian Far East and Big Raven myths also found in Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and other Indigenous People of North America, 4,320-3,820 years old Shimao (North China) site with Totemistic-Shamanistic Paganism and a Stepped Pyramid, 4,100-year-old beaker with medicinal & flowering plants in a grave of a woman in Scotland, Early European Farmer ancestry, Kelif el Boroud people with the Cardial Ware culture, and the Bell Beaker culture Paganists too, spread into North Africa, then to the Canary Islands off West Africa, Paganism 4,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism), Mythology, a Lunar Deity is a Goddess or God of the Moon, Sacred Land, Hills, and Mountains: Sami Mythology (Paganistic Shamanism). The word is derived from theProto-Semitic*il-, meaning god. Animism: an approximately 100,000-year-old belief system? Crecganford @crecganford offers history & stories of the people, places, gods, & culture, Paganism 12,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism. He hypothesizes that the Tripolye culture was taken over by PIE speakers by c. 4000 BCE or 6,021 years ago, and that in its final phase the Tripolye culture expanded to the steppes, morphing into various regional cultures which fused with the late Sredny Stog pastoralist cultures, which, he suggests, gave rise to the Yamnaya culture. ref, According to Anthony (2007), the early Yamnaya horizon spread quickly across the PonticCaspian steppes between c.3400 and 3200BCE or 5,421-5,221 years ago: The spread of the Yamnaya horizon was the material expression of the spread of late Proto-Indo-European across the PonticCaspian steppes. Intriguingly, Indo-Iranian and especially Tocharian were impacted less heavily by the later, more radical shift towards agriculture that manifests itself in the European branches, indicating that they were culturally but also geographically more peripheral. Homo Naledi and an Intentional Cemetery Pre-Animism dating to around 250,000 years ago? R-M560 is very rare and was only observed in four samples: two Burushaski speakers (north Pakistan), one Hazara (Afghanistan), and one Iranian Azerbaijani. However, doubting gods is likely as old as the invention of gods and should destroy the thinking that belief in god(s) is the default belief. Because of that fact, these artifacts do not "say" anything about the DNA finds and vice versa, or indicate any sort of population movement. The. Totemism is needed for supernatural thinking connecting human actions & related to clan/tribe. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and somesuch as the. Though it was disputed for many years, there is conclusive evidence that Neanderthals bred with modern humans (Homo sapiens). Influence from Siberian, Turkic, and even Near Eastern beliefs, on the other hand, are more widely discussed in literature. ref, Evolutionary model of human pigmentation in three continental populations. This anthology of ancient and fresh archaeological artifacts paints a cohesive arc from the beginning of the chalcolithic to the first empires of Uruk and Egypt, ignited around the Black Sea by the Kurgan Copper revolution. ref. Horses were domesticated by the Yamnaya and used for transportation, as well as by chariots in warfare. The proposed history books telling the history of the Israelites from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon. There is also evidence that they may have kept bees. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, Analysis 2008 of four males from the CucuteniTrypillia cultural complex (CTC / CTCC) of Verteba Cave and found evidence of genetic contact between the CucuteniTrypillia culture and steppe populations from the east from as early as 3600 BCE, well before the influx of steppe ancestryinto Europe associated with the Yamnaya culture. According to the Kurgan hypothesis, the Yamnaya and related cultures are the likely candidates for being the mythical Proto-Indo-Europeans. N1c represents the western extent of haplogroup N, which is found all over the Far East (China, Korea, Japan), Mongolia, and Siberia, especially among Uralic speakers of northern Siberia.
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