This was followed by an impromptu duel with hangers, in which the Englishman received a fatal wound. "Letters from a Hessian mercenary. We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Hessian name. [32] These included Nicholas Bahner(t), Jacob Trobe, George Geisler, and Conrad Grein (Konrad Krain),[33] who were a few of the Hessian soldiers who deserted the British forces after being returned in exchange for American prisoners of war. [27], Hessians, for their part, spoke out against executions of captured prisoners of war after the Battle of Long Island, especially since many were of German descent; one Hessian is quoted as saying, "many among them were Germans, and that cut me doubly to the heart". [2], In Essex, the first record of the family was found at Colchester where Richard Ussier was registered. Our primary purpose is to assist members of medieval re-enactment groups like the Society for Creative Anachronism to find historically accurate medieval names and coats of arms. View Census Data for Hessian | Data not to scale. He was the son of Landgrave Frederick or Hesse-Cassel, of the royal family of Hesse. Kniss (b. In 1891 there were 43 Hessian families living in Lancashire. had told her of the Hessians, namely that they were cruel". The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany's second . Between 1954 and 2004, in the United States, Hession life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1958, and highest in 1985. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Hesse (Hessen), German Empire Genealogy Germany Hesse (Hessen) Guide to Hesse (Hessen), German Empire ancestry, family history, and genealogy before 1945: birth records, marriage records, death records, both church and civil registration, compiled family history, and finding aids. Else (daughter b. of the Hessian name. Snawder, Thomas, see Schnatter, Thomas, A-B, Sneider, John, see Schneider, Johann, Hessians of N.S. [26] As the majority of the German troops came from Hesse, Americans use the term "Hessians" to refer to all German troops fighting on the British side.[17]. Name: Nikolaus Becker Year: 1837 Place: America Family Members: With 3 relatives Source Publication Code: 170.16 Primary Immigrant: Becker, Nikolaus Annotation: Hessian Immigrants: Index to Family Names. These languages were more often spoken than written, so they blended freely with one another. Some less common occupations for Americans named Hessian were Lawyer and Clerk. See Terms of Use for details. Elizabeth (1589) Lancashire had the highest population of Hessian families in 1891. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Several German princes saw an opportunity to earn extra income by hiring out their regular army units for service in America. Protestant Churches in Germany. German Soldiers in the American Revolution", Herbert M. Bahner and Mark A. Schwalm, "Johann Nicholas Bahner From Reichenbach, Hessen To Pillow, Pennsylvania", "Revolutionary War The Hessian involvement", 16 November 1776, he captured Fort Washington, "Chapter XXV: The Hessians in New Jersey", The Hessians and the other German auxiliaries of Great Britain in the revolutionary war, The German Element in the War of American Independence/5 German Mercenaries, Johannes Schwalm Historical Association website, Historical Project: Letters by a Hessian Officer, Diary and letters covering the role of Hessian troops in America, "Treaty with the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, signed January 15, 1776", Soldatenhandel under Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel (German Wikipedia). [2] Auxiliaries were a major source of income for many small and relatively poor German states, typically serving in wars in which their governments were neutral. For the veterans among your Hession ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Elsa (son b. Hessian soldiers played a large role in the American Revolutionary War. [17] American historian Charles Ingrao describes Hesse as a "mercenary state" whose prince rented out his regiments to fund his governmental expenditures. Hessians fought at the Battle of Bennington, the turning point of the Saratoga campaign. In 1880 there were 54 Hession families living in New York. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Hession ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Protocol I (1977) to the Geneva Convention defines a mercenary as "any person who has not been sent by a State which is not a Party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. The name Hessian came to England with the ancestors of the Hessian family in the Norman Conquest in 1066. 1572) Rigler, Jean Gurney, Mathias Kerschner (1822-1893) and his wife Lovina A. This order began to have influence only when "our Germans, teachable as they are" had learned to "stammer a little English." Do not sell or share my personal information. The "Grand Duchy of Hesse" was originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806. Initially, the typical regiment was made up of 500 to 600 men. In the mid 1990's our cousin Frieda Patrick Davison's research brought her to the conclusion that our ancestor was actually the "Hessian" soldier named The most Hessian families were found in the USA in 1880. The contingent from Waldeck was drawn from an army based on universal conscription, from which only students were exempt. function setREVStartSize(e){ The revenue from renting the army to the British equaled roughly 13 years' worth of taxes,[7] allowing the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Friedrich II, to reduce taxes by one-third between the 1760s and 1784. American history textbooks refer to them as "mercenaries", and they are still widely perceived as such in the popular imagination of the United States. Prince William was a Freemason, and his younger brother Karl, was according to JEWS AND FREEMASONS IN EUROPE, 1723-1939, accepted as the head of all German Freemasons. Ernest Louis was the fourth child and eldest son of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Surname Name Meaning, Origin, and Etymology This is a German (and Ashkenazi Jewish) locational name that came to describe a person who was from the region of Hesse, which is currently a federal state in German. 1592) There are 909 immigration records available for the last name Hessian. We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Hessian name. % try{ e.c=jQuery(e.c);var i=jQuery(window).width(),t=9999,r=0,n=0,l=0,f=0,s=0,h=0; "The Foundation of British Strength: National Identity and the Common British Soldier." 1572) Ontario had the highest population of Hesse families in 1911. The remainder settled in the United States, anywhere from the Canadian border south to Florida. Tennessee had the highest population of Hessian families in 1840. Melchior (d. 1580's) Some of the Hessian family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.Another 121 words (9 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. [15], Nevertheless, the practice of lending out auxiliaries did sometimes result in direct consequences. (Family History Library Ref943.41 K23p; microfiche 6053529). His database currently includes over 20,000 names from over 2,900 families, all in the Lower Saxony, Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse and Hamburg region. When the Normans became the ruling people of England in the 11th century, they introduced a new language into a society where the main languages of Old and later Middle English had no definite spelling rules. [35] British soldiers were offered 50 to 800 acres, depending on rank. 1574) R Hessian records indicate the likely identity of five of those casualties. Prinz Carl K-4 Kassel Fuselier Regt. A total of 29,875 German troops fought alongside British troops in the Revolutionary War, of which 16,992 came from Hesse-Kassel and 2,422 from Hesse-Hanau. Margareta (daughter [also Margareta] b. The average life expectancy for Hessian in 1956 was 50, and 93 in 2004. Benjamin Franklin, "The Sale of the Hessians", (1777). The surname Hessian is for a door keeper to a king. They were privates, ranging from 21 to 28 years old, serving with the Regiment von Knyphausen -- Heinrich Euler, Conrad Roth, Johann Heinrich Grein, Daniel Schaef, and Ludwig Juppert. Kona Ironman Temperature, The Hessian family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. You can see how Hessian families moved over time by selecting different census years. [29], The Hessians captured in the Battle of Trenton were paraded through the streets of Philadelphia to raise American morale; anger at their presence helped the Continental Army recruit new soldiers. Notwithstanding their reputation as skilled and disciplined fighters, many British soldiers shared the American distrust of Hessians, who often spoke little or no English and were perceived as crude and barbaric. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Hessian ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Another 109 words (8 lines of text) covering the years 1200, 1550, 1613, 1581, 1656, 1625, 1656, 1550, 1613, 1581, 1656, 1625, 1656, 1582 and 1629 are included under the topic Early Hessian History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. [4] The Landgraves ancestors had been involved in every major conflict Great Britain found itself in with its roots going back to the Nine Years War (1688-97). About 2,500 settled in Canada, the majority in Quebec and some also in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and present-day Ontario. %PDF-1.3 The distinguished surname HESSE has been traced to Austria, whose territory was occupied by the Celts and then the Romans. stream The Hesse family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. 1600) (granddaughter b. Biographies and research summaries of many soldiers can be found in the following resources: Information about a soldier in the various name lists varies. We found 205,299 records for Hessian last name See Hessian in the 1950 US Census 4,476 Family Trees 3,118 Census & Voter Lists 2,436 Birth, Marriage & Death 2,191 Photos View all records Roht (b. In the two centuries leading up to the American Revolution, the continent was characterized by constant warfare, and military manpower was in high demand. The English name "Hesse" comes from the Hessian dialect. Click. For the veterans among your Hessian ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Paul (b. Jakob (d. 1580's) Adam (grandson b. The American Declaration of Independence, written roughly a year after hostilities broke out, condemned King George III of "transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to [complete] the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation." 1567) The U.S. Congress authorized the offer of land of up to 50 acres (roughly 20 hectares) to individual Hessian soldiers who switched sides. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. authors of that source modernized or standardized the spellings. Steven Schwamenfeld. . In German, with some English. Sources. Adam (grandson b. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. New York had the highest population of Hession families in 1880. We don't have any information on the nationality / ethnicity Cunz (granddaughter b. Hessians (US: /hnz/ or UK: /hsinz/)[1] were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. Line infantry was armed with muskets, while the Hessian artillery used the three-pound cannon. In Irish, it is pronounced "O + hush + een".. In 1840 there were 3 Hessen families living in Pennsylvania. Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Hessian census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. 1606) Hans(son d. 1618) Hans(granddaughter b. This article is about troops from Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Hanau. *After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel. In 1891 there were 43 Hessian families living in Lancashire. Part 2: IDENTIFYING PRINCIPALITY, REGIMENT AND HOMETOWN . The elite Jger battalions used the Bchse, a short, large-caliber rifle well-suited to woodland combat. Hessian military service was notably strict and demanding, emphasizing iron discipline through draconian punishment. Discover the family history, nationality, origin and common names of Hessian family members. These names are from genealogical data; they were recorded in the Anton (~1589) Hans (b. Expansion of the original family groups occurred entirely via searching for their ancestors, descendants, spouses and parents of all of these. Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Hanau, and Waldeck Troops, German Auxiliaries Muster Rolls, 1776-1786 (bulk 1781-1783), Acta militaria of the Brunswick troops which served in America, List of Hessian Officers (Of the Convention) who signed Paroles at Cambridge 13 December 1777, Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, Military and Naval Microfilm Archive, Baptisms, marriages, burials, marriages index B-S and burials index A-Z 1776-1783, Baptisms 1778-1781, baptisms index B-W 1776-1783, Prince Friedrich Regiment with six companies: Baptisms, marriages and burials 1776-1783, Dragoon Regiment: Baptisms, burials, communicants and marriages 1776-1777, von Berner Battalion: Baptisms, burials and marriages 1776-1777, German Soldiers of "OUR" Members and Others, List of 550 marriages of Hessians performed in Quebec, U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500-1900s, Names of Persons Who Took the Oath of Allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania Between the Years 1777 and 1789, FS Library US/CAN 973 W2smn no. For the veterans among your Hessian ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Wannemacher (1821-1891): Their Ancestors and Descendants From Germany to [24] Other German princes relied on long-service voluntary enlistment supplemented by conscription when numbers fell short. Elizabeth (son b. Whereas mercenaries served a foreign ruler in an individual capacity, auxiliaries forces were controlled by a state, and their foreign service was in direct competition to professional mercenaries. if(e.responsiveLevels&&(jQuery.each(e.responsiveLevels,function(e,f){f>i&&(t=r=f,l=e),i>f&&f>r&&(r=f,n=e)}),t>r&&(l=n)),f=e.gridheight[l]||e.gridheight[0]||e.gridheight,s=e.gridwidth[l]||e.gridwidth[0]||e.gridwidth,h=i/s,h=h>1?1:h,f=Math.round(h*f),"fullscreen"==e.sliderLayout){var u=(e.c.width(),jQuery(window).height());if(void 0!=e.fullScreenOffsetContainer){var c=e.fullScreenOffsetContainer.split(",");if (c) jQuery.each(c,function(e,i){u=jQuery(i).length>0?u-jQuery(i).outerHeight(!0):u}),e.fullScreenOffset.split("%").length>1&&void 0!=e.fullScreenOffset&&e.fullScreenOffset.length>0?u-=jQuery(window).height()*parseInt(e.fullScreenOffset,0)/100:void 0!=e.fullScreenOffset&&e.fullScreenOffset.length>0&&(u-=parseInt(e.fullScreenOffset,0))}f=u}else void 0!=e.minHeight&&f What Does A Grimm Look Like To A Wesen,
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