Nor do I want to worry if cat litter has any odd additives that I shouldnt be ingesting. You may be interested in:Five Products to Remove Oil Stains from Clothes. . Wash silicone well after every use. If you find them, sprinkle a sponge with baking soda and scrub gently. Remove the heated item from the oven and set it in the kitchen sink. With five children, Shifrah is learning a thing or two about how to keep a fairly organized and pretty clean house with a grateful heart in a way that leaves plenty of time for the people who matter most. Heat the oven to 350 degrees F (177 degrees C). Cover the bottom of the pan with water, and then sprinkle baking soda into the water until it forms a thin paste. We have also looked at some of the ways that you can keep your silicone rubber clean. Considering the effect of the cold on the fabric and the dry glue, you can also place the garment in the freezer and wait a while before proceeding to peel it off. To avoid this, it's best to use a coaster or place your drink on a napkin when you're using silicone rubber. A handful of solutions come up if you start Googling how to get the stink out of silicone. Start by putting on a pair of gloves to keep your hands free of grease and oil. This versatile and malleable material is convenient in the home, yet it requires regular cleaning to maintain its appearance. The best method will depend on the type of stain you're dealing with. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'profamilychef_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',138,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-profamilychef_com-medrectangle-4-0');Cookware covers anything from silicon covers or plastic storage containers and mixing bowls to metal baking sheets, non-stick, or stainless steel pans. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. After pulling the seal out of the oven, I gave it an extra scrub to remove that residue, and the scent disappeared almost entirely. Next, fill your sink with hot water and a few drops of detergent. Deck yourself out in green and celebrate everything Irish with our absolute favorite St. Patrick's Day recipes for brunch and dinner. I love to make big family meals on a budget. To get the curry stains out, use a mixture of baking soda and water. While baking soda is somewhat abrasive, it wont scratch the non-stick coating when youcreate a paste. Mar 23, 2016 - Is there a way to remove stains from silicone spatulas? Wash the metal cookware before using it for cooking food. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Scrub the stains gently using circular motions. 2023 America's Test Kitchen. While these tools are technically clean, theres something off-putting about cooking with something that doesnt quite look clean. Apply the paste to the stain on the metal pot, pan, or baking sheet. Clean your silicone case in this manner once a month to keep it dirt-free. These five trees provide shade and foliage more quickly than other varieties. What Is Silicon Rubber Made Of? If one round of this method doesn't work, repeat as necessary. It does happen from time to time, but now you know what to do! This should loosen things enough that you can get the bits and pieces off. Regular cleaning prevents this from happening. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. CLEAN AND CLEAR: Oxidants break down and remove color compounds. How to Clean Toilet Stains | Cleaning Hard Water & Mineral Stains, How to Fix Your Smelly Sink Drain | Cleaning the Stinky Drain, How to Get Rid of Ants in Your Kitchen & Avoid Future Infestation, How to Clean a Shower | Quick and Easy Shower Cleaning, Simple Ways to Unclog Your Toilet without a plunger, Simple Ways to Unclog Your Toilet with a plunger, Tiny Brown Bugs in Kitchen and How to Get Rid of Them, Tiny Black Worms: How to Get Rid of Drain Flies, Larvae, and Worms, Tiny Bugs in Bathroom: Common Bathroom Bugs, How To Remove Mildew Stains From Vinyl Boat Seats. Let it soak for 24 hours. Most important, as mentioned above, this trick works only for items that are, Along the same lines, if you plan to use this technique on the gasket for your Instant Pot, stick to heating it to 250 F. The best method will depend on the type of stain you're dealing with. Put your silicone spatula in the diluted bleach, making sure the solution covers the spatula entirely. On the Zojirushi seal, I noticed a light lingering coffee scent, but that seemed to be tied to some residual oils I could see clinging to the silicone. Use your fingers to feel every inch of the surface. Even after frequent washing, this might leave a sticky residue on the skin. 6 Kitchen Paint Trends to Consider in 2023. Heres what I do: I havent tried this technique on a huge variety of scents and objects, but I have used it to successfully remove smells from ice cube trays, Instant Pot gaskets, and the little silicone nub that seals my Zojirushi travel mug. Disinfecting surfaces with bleach and the disinfecting products is one of the ways to help stop the spread of COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Thats why its important to understand how to clean these little gems and keep your next batch from being ruined. and water mixture. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Heat up the pot or pan until the mixture comes to a boil. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'profamilychef_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_12',182,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-profamilychef_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');If you dont want to fill up your sink, use the heat of the oven to help get rid of the curry stains. On March 17, there's much to dofrom cooking corned beef and cabbage and donning your finest green attire to raising a glass in honor of Irish pride. So when you bake silicone, you are truly burning the scents right off. Scrub the stains gently using circular motions. Of course, life is dependent on upkeep and care. Step 5. Use a mild soap or detergent to clean the area. It's not dangerous, but it will interfere with the nonstick properties. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Customer ratings by feature . 15 St. Patrick's Day Decoration IdeasFrom Ornamental Cabbage to DIY Rainbows. More than likely, one of the previous tricks will work. So, its best to start by looking in your pantry for cleaning ingredients that are food-safe like lemons, vinegar, or baking soda. After 24 hours of soaking, only the spatulas soaked in hydrogen peroxide or the bleach solution were back to their original white. Here are some helpful tips on how to remove turmeric stains from cookware with food-safe methods. You can also try using a mild soap or detergent. Be sure to cover all of the surfaces with the paste. When silicone spatulas pick up stains from tomato sauce, turmeric, or pesto, often even an aggressive soapy scrubbing wont get them completely clean. The process of removing coffee stains from mugs is also similar. Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidant that eliminates tough stains while disinfecting the surface. Place a piece of parchment paper or a Silpat silicone mat on a half-sheet pan (make sure your pan has sides, otherwise youll wind up with liquified oil flowing off the pan and causing a fire). Greasy foods, tomato sauce, pesto, turmeric, and other foods are famous for staining and discoloring cookware. Choose from curated bundles or build your own. No spam! Add water until it forms a thin paste-like substance. How can you remove stains out of silpat in this case? Place your silicone item in the oven, either on a baking sheet or directly on an oven rack. Silicone baking mats are a great way to bake without the use of flour. Read on for our picks. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Thus, many crafters have wondered how to remove silicone without damaging your clothing by tearing off the glue. If you do spill coffee, tea, or another dark-colored beverage on silicone rubber, you can try wiping it up with a damp cloth or sponge. "The hotter the water, the better," Peterson notes. If your water does not get very hot, add some boiling water heated in a microwave or kettle. How to Remove Stains from Silicone Spatulas | We use our silicone spatulas for most everything, but turmeric, pesto, and even tomato sauce leave stains that a basic wash can't remove. Some people have had success with cat litter, but I dont want to buy a whole bag when I dont own a cat. Choose a shade that works with a range of backsplash and countertop materials. She's been writing professionally for twenty years and she loves lifestyle photography, memory keeping, gardening, reading, and going to the beach with her husband and children. Pour warm water into a bowl or container and add several drops of mild dish soap. Try to store it in a cool, dry place when you're not using it. The material is known for its durability and resistance to heat, cold, and UV radiation. Learn more. , make a paste out of baking soda by covering the bottom of the pot or pan. |, Differences Between Dominos Handmade Pan Pizza. Repeat until your silicone item is clean. It worked exceptionally well on the ice trays, and at getting the smell of soup out of an Instant Pot gasket. Scrub the surface with a stiff-bristled brush or sponge until the stain disappears. Once the silicone softens, remove the remains with the help of a rounded tip knife, your fingernails, or a small trowel. This might explain why the trick didnt work so well on those coffee oils, which didnt evaporate in the heat. Place the bakeware in the oven set at 350F for ten minutes. Remove turmeric stains from metal cookware by usingbaking soda, water, and vinegar. Joy30150932 on Dec 10, 2018. Because of this, there are certain precautions you shouldnt overlook: Finally, the best advice for not ruining your clothes when working with silicone is to opt for old clothes, the kind you no longer wear when going out. And though no amount of scrubbing can get those smells off, ice cubes readily absorb them (its possible ice picks up smells directly from the freezer too, but in my experience and in our testing, silicone makes the problem much, much worse). Although silicone can go in the dishwasher, you will likely need to hand-wash the items. Exposure to the sun: Over time, exposure to UV rays can cause silicone rubber to discolor or fade. Here are a few tips: These tips will help you keep your silicon rubber clean and free of stains. Espaa. From Ice Cube Trays to Spatulas, Here's How to Get Smells Out of All of Your Silicone Kitchenware. To remove turmeric stains from plastic containers, a few different methods work well. Allow the bleach to sit for 15-20 minutes. . Rinse well before using it. Let it soak for at least a half-hour, and then rinse. How to Clean That Cloudy Film from Plastic and Silicone Cooking Utensils Give your utensils a soak: Soak your affected utensils in hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours. The best method will depend on the type of stain you're dealing with. Clorox is committed to making its website accessible for all users, and will continue to take steps necessary to ensure compliance with applicable laws. After soaking, scrub with a nonabrasive sponge and rinse in hot water, then dry with a microfiber cloth. The success of the tricks lies in not making mistakes, such as scrubbing. Pour 1/4 cup of baking soda into a container big enough to hold your silicone item. Mary Marlowe Leverette is one of the industry's most highly-regarded housekeeping and fabric care experts, sharing her knowledge on efficient housekeeping, laundry, and textile conservation. For handicrafts and small domestic repairs, it can be found in bars, liquid, cold, or hot (which involves melting it with a heat gun). That way, therell be no regrets. For oil and grease stains, you can try using a degreaser or dish soap. Be careful not to spread the stain or damage the fabric. Those off smells are made up of molecules clinging to your silicone kitchenware, and just like water, those molecules evaporate at high temperatures. Once the silicone softens, remove the remains with the help of a rounded tip knife, your fingernails, or a small trowel. Lingering smells are not a problem limited to silicone ice cube trays; it can happen to all kinds of silicone kitchenware. Be sure that silicone bakeware is completely dry before using it. In most cases, these kinds of blemishes can be buffed away with a soft dishcloth or polishing cloth. Oil and grease: If you're handling oil or grease with your hands, those substances can transfer onto the surface of the silicone rubber. I've seen it in a number of forums . Sudden temperature changes can shock and crack a pizza stone. Kitchen Infinity offers expert advice, inspiration and style tips to help you create the home you deserve. Hope you guys enjoy and. , the best way to prevent stains is to take some preventive measures. Another way to get the stains out of metal cookware is to mix baking soda with hydrogen peroxide to form a paste. Keep in mind that whether it is plastic, silicone, metal, non-stick, or stainless steel, you will need to be able toeat off of it once its clean. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'profamilychef_com-leader-4','ezslot_15',187,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-profamilychef_com-leader-4-0');If the stain is set in, usehydrogen peroxide or a diluted bleachand water mixture. Let it soak overnight, and rinse well before using the silicone for baking. "One hundred percent silicone products are capable of withstanding high temperatures, whereas anything less is susceptible to damage." If you do not have oil, how can you make eggs w, Chicken is the easiest source of protein, and its the number one consumed meat globally. Allow the baking soda to dry completely (this may take several hours). The way you spot clean is going to depend on what the cookware is made out of. Cooks who often use aluminum foil (together with aluminum pots and pans) are more likely to be exposed to the metal than others. Aside from these functions, the spatulas are enjoyable to use because of their fancy colors and ergonomic design for easy grip. 7 Times Baking Soda & Hydrogen Peroxide Make a Stellar Cleaning Combination. Submerge the stained item and soak for 24 hours. Mixing these two liquids is the way to go when the stain has dried a long time ago and the garment is black. Add one teaspoon of a dishwashing detergent that includes a degreaser or a grease-cutting agent. After whipping and stirring our way through cream, custard, bchamel, and egg whites, we think the OXO 11-Inch Balloon Whisk is the best all-purpose whisk. These are the thin lines in the stainless steel. Customer reviews and photos may be available to help you make the right purchase decision! Weve tested 18 multi-cookers since 2016, and the Instant Pot Duo 6-Quart is still our favoriteits affordable and easy to use, and it has a tried-and-true design. You could try soaking it in warm water with a bit of bleach. If you dont have rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer will work. Wipe down the counter again. 6 Garden Ideas That Will Boost the Value of Your Home. And you can see it coat plastic and silicone spatulas, spoons, bakeware, etc. For a sure-fire spot cleaner for curry stains, use both of them together. If your stovetop is really grimy, apply a heavier layer of baking soda. Let the kitchenware sit for anywhere between 20 minutes and one hour depending on how pungent the smells are. lest the stains go down. This is a question that comes up often when cooking. Lay the rag over the stain for about 10 minutes, then wipe it clean. Thank you for reading! 93 Quick and Easy Dinner Recipes to Make Any Night of the Week. How to remove turmeric stains from plastic containers. Ohiorn on Dec 10, 2018. Rub for 5 minutes or until the spots no longer visible. Learning how to clean silicone is easy, whether it is a phone case or a caulk mishap, so why not share our silicone cleaning solutions and tips with your friends and family on Facebook and Pinterest? Pour 1-2 teaspoons (4-8 grams) of baking soda over your stain based on its size. If you live in an area that has hard water, the minerals can leave a powdery white residue on silicone. The Right Way to Clean Every Part of Your Oven, From the Racks to the Door Glass. Submerge the silicone in the hot, soapy water and allow it to soak for at least 30 minutesan hour or longer is even better. Use a cleaner that is designed specifically for curry stains, or look in your pantry for some easy remedies such as baking soda, vinegar, or lemon juice. It may take a few hours. If silicone pieces are really sticky and washing doesn't seem to be cleaning them easily, you can use the oven to help speed up the process. Thank you Joyce. I asked Wirecutter senior staff writer and former science editor Leigh Krietsch Boerner why this baking trick works, and although she couldnt find any studies on the subject, she suspects the answer is relatively simple. Using a paper towel and water, wipe the mixture away. To find the best spatula for every scenario, weve tested spatulas of all typesfrom all-purpose fish spatulas to silicone scrapers. The good news is these are cotton fabrics here rather than a poly/cotton blend, which would hold the silicone much more tightly than cotton. There are a variety of silicone cleaners that are easy to use, whether cleansing everyday household items or removing caulk and residue leftover from home improvement projects. Reference: silicone baking mat smells like chemicals. Slice and loosen the end of the caulk line seam with a utility knife, and repeat on the opposite end. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. HEQUSIGNS 6 Pcs Silicone Spatula Set, Food Grade Silicone Rubber Spatula Set Kitchen Utensils Heat Resistant Non Stick Rubber Kitchen Scraper Spatulas for Cooking, Baking and Mixing(Black) . These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. It also explains why, when I first baked my ice cube trays, I could actually smell the freezer burn wafting out from the oven. Rinse the rag in clean water and wet it again with the enzyme mixture, as needed. Allow the paste to remain on the mats for 20 minutes before rinsing them well with extremely hot water. Silicone baking mats are lightweight, nonstick, and heat resistant. For dirt and debris stains, you can try using a soft-bristled brush to scrub the area. You should wipe down the surface of the silicone rubber with a damp cloth or sponge at least once a week. To remove silicone residue from concrete, marble, or tile, apply a small amount of mineral spirits to a sponge and scrub the area. Our journalists combine independent research with (occasionally) over-the-top testing so you can make quick and confident buying decisions. Plus, hot water will help kill any germs or microbes that are on your sheets, getting them as clean as possible. Chances are, you already have what you need: Hydrogen peroxide and baking soda work perfectly. Then I started to notice that my glasses of ice water were tasting more like the frost scraped off the back of my cluttered freezer. Rinse them with water just to dampen and sprinkle them liberally with dry baking soda. If the smell lingers in the morning, Peterson says to repeat the process until it's gone. Not only does it not look nice, but it can also interfere with the nonstick properties of your silicone ware. Tired of having to run your dishwasher more than once? The Unit, Alginate impressions are a type of impression that can be used to create 3D models. Peterson says it's better to stick to one method and give it multiple attempts rather than try a variety of different techniques. Allow the spatula to sit in the solution for 24 hours. 1. After staining one set of white silicone spatulas bright yellow with a turmeric-and-water paste and another set red with tomato sauce, we soaked each one in potential stain fighters: white vinegar, a slurry of dish soap and baking soda, 3 percent hydrogen peroxide, a bleach solution (made by diluting 2 1/2 tablespoons of bleach in 2 cups of water), and a control mixture of soapy water. Let it soak overnight, and rinse well before using the silicone for baking. As you'll be using tools and lubricant, make sure you remove any items from the area that you don't to make dirty or potentially break. Run cool water . "Removing scents from silicone is a tough job to tackle and will most likely take time," says Vera Peterson, president of the cleaning service Molly Maid, a Neighborly company. Video of the Day. The simplest way of cleaning silicone bakeware is with a grease-cutting soap. Simply wash your stain-free spatulas in warm soapy water before using. Clean the item after soaking with warm water and a small amount of dish soap, or clean them in the dishwasher before using them. Nikki Elmwood is a fact-checker, editor, and proofreader with over six years of fact-checking experience. The important thing here is to use a good product with lots of surfactants like liquid detergent to pretreat prior to washing (apply; rub into stain; wait 5-10 minutes) in HOT water using liquid detergent. Madeline Buiano, Staff Writer at Martha Stewart. I do this with all of my rubber utensils to remove the stains. The soft Mat offers a secure landing for dishes that slide from your hands while washing. This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. How to remove turmeric stains from non-stick pans. Gently rub the pan with a soft cloth. After soaking, scrub with a nonabrasive sponge and rinse in hot water, then dry with a microfiber cloth. How to Take Care of Your Silicone Gel Sheet. Although you shouldnt need to grease, oil, or flour a silicone baking surface for the most part, there are occasions when its a good idea to spray it with nonstick cooking spray, such as when preparing a sticky candy. Place the ice cube right on the stain and leave it for a few minutes while the glue freezes. Easy to clean . We independently select these productsif you buy from one of our links, we may earn a commission. If the piece still feels sticky, repeat the steps, or move on to a more aggressive cleaning step. I worked on Armor All and we used a lot of silicone for our protectant and tire products. Mineral spirits, which is appropriate for removing silicone from hard surfaces such as tile, marble, or concrete, is one thing you may have on hand that helps soften silicone. Let us help you. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Affiliate Disclaimer: Tipsbulletin.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com, Cleaning Silicone Materials and Removing Silicone Residue, Removing Tough Stains on Silicone Cookware, Cleaning Tough Stains on Silicone Cooking Utensils, Preventing Stains on Common Silicone Items, Privacy Policy GDPR Medical Disclaimer DMCA. Wash the pan using baking soda and a scrub brush. EASY-TO-CLEAN: non-stick, stain resistant and odor resistant. Save 10% on curated cleaning bundles or build your own. This will cause a whitening of the yellowed silicone and will kill any mold or mildew that may have formed. Add water until it forms a thin paste-like substance. Rub the baking soda and remaining water droplets together with cooking gloves to make a paste, focusing on the difficult stains. Put a few drops of the dishwashing liquid on a nonabrasive sponge and scrub the silicone well. Do not use a scouring pad or plastic scrubber on silicone. She is also a Master Gardener with over 40 years' experience; writing for over 20 years. Why have my silicone handles developed asticky feel to them? Although experts have their own tricks for removing smells from silicone, they recommend starting by reading the instructions on the product you want to clean. Continue with Recommended Cookies. If the bottoms of the macarons adhere to the parchment paper or silicone mat, they havent been baked long enough or havent been allowed to cool enough before removing them. How long does the Silpat take to cool down? Silicone is porous, and over time, oil and grease seep into the pores of the dish, creating a white appearance on the surface. That being said, we want to teach you some tricks on how to remove silicone from clothing. Tell us in the comments below. Rub the paste off, and clean with a cloth or sponge. The best containers to store macarons | keep them fresh for longer. Its likely to be your first reaction, but youll only spread the silicone out. Whether you are trying to remove glue stains from shoes or remove stains from nails, the best way to prevent stains is to take some preventive measures. Siliconas. . All Rights Reserved. Gather it with a spoon. Lets explore the infinite possibilities for your kitchen and home. Cover it with a sheet of toilet paper or paper towel thats absorbent enough to withstand the heat of an iron. teaspoon, 4.9 ml, of degreasing dish detergent. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Protect it from the sun: Exposure to UV rays can cause silicone rubber to discolor over time. "If after so many attempts, the scent doesn't seem to let up, it may be time to accept defeat and deal with the smell or replace the product," the cleaning expert says. Silicone rubber is known for its durability and resistance to stains, but even this tough material can become stained over time. The Best Way To Prevent Stains From Happening In The First Place. For tough stains, you can try scrubbing the area with a toothbrush or other soft-bristled brush. For stubborn areas, use a putty knife to pry the softened caulk away from the surface gently. Clean it regularly: A regular cleaning routine will help to prevent stains from setting in. The dishwasher might work, or it might not, or it might make your silicone taste like detergent instead. Rinse the silicone well in hot water. If you dont want to fill up your sink, use the heat of the oven to help get rid of the curry stains. Although a vacation rental ought to come equipped with all youll need, here are the things weve learned to bring to a rental placejust in case. Everyone should use a password manager. If any sticky film remains, apply baking soda and sprinkle it all over the area where the residue is discovered. Sprinkle some baking soda over the cooktop. Keep disinfectant wipes handy and clean all areas of the item at least once a week, and wash them in soapy water once a month. Fortunately, some specialty dog breeds are mixed to look like puppies throughout their entire livesand they are sure to melt your heart the second you lay your eyes on them. If the stains are deep-set, make a paste out of baking soda by covering the bottom of the pot or pan. Consult with your trusted specialist if you have any doubts and seek their approval before beginning any procedure. Rinse them with water just to dampen and sprinkle them liberally with dry baking soda. Rinse, and air dry or use a microfiber cloth. By submitting your info on this form, you are agreeing to be contacted regarding your service request by means of email. Her recipes are often creative combinations of traditional ingredients from various different cuisines blended together to create something new. Our goal is that every family has a space they can call their own while creating memorable moments with loves ones. Buy the Right Silicone Spatula for Your Kitchen Manage Settings The flexibility, water and temperature resistance, and non-stick surface of silicone make it an ideal material for many applications. So I preheated the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, tossed in the ice cube trays, and, miraculously, pulled them out about half an hour later completely odorless. The issue then becomes: how long do silicone baking mats last? Repeat as necessary until the stain is gone. Store your silicon rubber in a cool, dry place. Scrub the area with a soft-bristled brush. Its essential to wash silicone bakeware and cooking utensils immediately after using them. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'profamilychef_com-leader-1','ezslot_10',177,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-profamilychef_com-leader-1-0');The main issue to consider when removing any stain from a non-stick pan is to not use anythingabrasivethat would scratch off the coated surface. After seven hours of research and testing, plus over a year of long-term testing, we found the best ice cube trays for most people. Wirecutter is the product recommendation service from The New York Times. Silicone is everywhere these days, from bakeware and phone cases to caulk. To make sure its hot enough, boil some water first and then pour it into the sink.
Top Thrill Dragster Death,
Grateful Dead Live Albums Ranked,
Salary Needed To Live In Bay Area 2022,
Articles H